{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:06:09Z","timestamp":1782975969573,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009509","name":"Kementerian Riset Teknologi Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NKB-282\/UN2.RST\/HKP.05.00\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKB-282\/UN2.RST\/HKP.05.00\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a common sequela of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The diagnosis of CPA is difficult and often misdiagnosed as smear-negative TB in endemic settings. Aspergillus IgG detection is the cornerstone of CPA diagnosis. There are a lack of studies on the prevalence of CPA in GeneXpert\/smear-negative TB patients in Indonesia, despite a high number of TB cases. This study aims to determine the CPA rate in HIV-negative, GeneXpert-negative patients presenting with symptoms following completion of TB therapy and to evaluate the performance of LDBio Aspergillus immunochromatographic technology (ICT) lateral flow assay in the diagnosis of CPA. CPA was diagnosed on the basis of symptoms for \u22653 months, characteristic chest imaging and positive Aspergillus culture. Twenty (22%) out of 90 patients met the criteria for CPA. The LDBio test was positive in 16 (80%) CPA patients and in 21 (30%) non-CPA patients (p &lt; 0.001) with 80% sensitivity and 70% specificity. Logistic regression revealed a positive LDBio Aspergillus ICT result, smoking history and diabetes to be important predictors of CPA diagnosis. Although CPA is an unrecognised disease in Indonesia, this study suggests that more than one in five GeneXpert negative patients with persistent symptoms following completion of TB therapy may have CPA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T09:16:49Z","timestamp":1606468609000},"page":"318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Post Tuberculosis Patients in Indonesia and the Role of LDBio Aspergillus ICT as Part of the Diagnosis Scheme"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6616-8565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Rozaliyani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Grha Permata Ibu Hospital, Depok 16425, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harmi","family":"Rosianawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diah","family":"Handayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0422-4322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidy","family":"Agustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal","family":"Zaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ridhawati","family":"Syam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robiatul","family":"Adawiyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulyati","family":"Tugiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Findra","family":"Setianingrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erlina","family":"Burhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0662-1265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Kosmidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Retno","family":"Wahyuningsih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Pulmonary Mycosis Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen, Jakarta 13530, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden Killers: Human Fungal Infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. 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