{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:25:57Z","timestamp":1760239557292,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["400011\/2016-6","8887.311835\/2018-00-AUXPE-2796\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["400011\/2016-6","8887.311835\/2018-00-AUXPE-2796\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312811\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312811\/2018-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The fungal genus Fonsecaea contains etiological agents of human chromoblastomycosis, a (sub)tropical, (sub)cutaneous implantation disease caused by plant contact. The invasive potential differs significantly between species. Infections by Fonsecaea monophora are believed to originate from the environment and the species has been reported as one of the main causative agents of the disease, but also of cases of primary brain infection. The epidemiology of the disease has not been fully elucidated and questions related to its infection route and virulence are still to be clarified. The environmental species Fonsecaea erecta was isolated from organic material and living plants in endemic areas for chromoblastomycosis in Brazil. The present paper describes Agrobacteriumtumefaciens-mediated transformation (AMT) of the environmental species F. erecta and the pathogenic species F. monophora. We propose the use of Agrobacterium transformation for future gene function studies related to Fonsecaea virulence and pathogenicity. We evaluated the co-cultivation ratios 1:1, 10:1 and 100:1 (Agrobacterium:conidia) at 28 \u00b0C during 72 h. pAD1625 and pCAMDsRed plasmids were inserted into both species. Confirmation of transformation was realized by hph gene amplification and Southern blot determined the amount of foreign DNA integrated into the genome. In order to evaluate a potential link between environmental and clinical strains, we obtained red fluorescent transformants after pCAMDsRed insertion. We observed by confocal fluorescence microscopy that both F. monophora and F. erecta were able to colonize the palm Bactris gasipaes, penetrating the epidermis. These results contribute to understanding the ability of Fonsecaea species to adapt to different environmental and host conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T10:26:12Z","timestamp":1606731972000},"page":"325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of Fonsecaea monophora and Fonsecaea erecta for Host-Environment Interaction Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Cristina Isabel Ferrer","family":"Villena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata Rodrigues","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Biology Graduate Program, Department of Cell Biology, University of Bras\u00edlia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille Silva","family":"Florencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Biology Graduate Program, Department of Cell Biology, University of Bras\u00edlia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2655-4469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Bombassaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center\/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Eduarda","family":"Grisolia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8051-6298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edvaldo","family":"da Silva Trindade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5344-257X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sybren","family":"de Hoog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center\/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vania Aparecida","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis","volume":"30","author":"Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. 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