{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:26:23Z","timestamp":1760239583370,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a difficult invasive infection to diagnose. Apart from microscopy of respiratory specimens, two diagnostic tests are increasingly used including real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) of respiratory specimens, mainly in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BAL), and serum \u03b2-1,3-d-glucan (BDG). It is still unclear how these two biomarkers can be used and interpreted in various patient populations. Here we analyzed retrospectively and multicentrically the correlation between BAL qPCR and serum BDG in various patient population, including mainly non-HIV patients. It appeared that a good correlation can be obtained in HIV patients and solid organ transplant recipients but no correlation can be observed in patients with hematologic malignancies, solid cancer, and systemic diseases. This observation reinforces recent data suggesting that BDG is not the best marker of PCP in non-HIV patients, with potential false positives due to other IFI or bacterial infections and false-negatives due to low fungal load and low BDG release.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T13:08:51Z","timestamp":1606828131000},"page":"327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Variable Correlation between Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Fungal Load and Serum-(1,3)-\u03b2-d-Glucan in Patients with Pneumocystosis\u2014A Multicenter ECMM Excellence Center Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toine","family":"Mercier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7752-365X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nesrine","family":"Aissaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisi\u00e8re-Fernand-Widal, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maud","family":"Gits-Muselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisi\u00e8re-Fernand-Widal, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samia","family":"Hamane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisi\u00e8re-Fernand-Widal, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5751-9311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juergen","family":"Prattes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harald H.","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic &amp; Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Marekovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Ple\u0161ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Clinical Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg Hospital, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7689-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike","family":"Scharmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4257-5980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Maertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8668-1350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrien","family":"Lagrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blandine","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisi\u00e8re-Fernand-Widal, 75010 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6870-3800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bretagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisi\u00e8re-Fernand-Widal, 75010 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Agents, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Molecular Mycology Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche UMR2000, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9726-3082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Alanio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisi\u00e8re-Fernand-Widal, 75010 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Agents, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Molecular Mycology Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche UMR2000, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2007.140087","article-title":"Population-Based Analysis of Invasive Fungal Infections, France, 2001\u20132010","volume":"20","author":"Bitar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. 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