{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:29:44Z","timestamp":1789010984862,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013691","name":"N\u00d6 Forschungs- und Bildungsges.m.b.H.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LSC16-016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSC16-016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several Candida species are opportunistic human fungal pathogens and thrive in various environmental niches in and on the human body. In this study we focus on the conditions of the vaginal tract, which is acidic, hypoxic, glucose-deprived, and contains lactic acid. We quantitatively analyze the lactic acid tolerance in glucose-rich and glucose-deprived environment of five Candida species: Candidaalbicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. To characterize the phenotypic space, we analyzed 40\u2013100 clinical isolates of each species. Each Candida species had a very distinct response pattern to lactic acid stress and characteristic phenotypic variability. C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis were best to withstand high concentrations of lactic acid with glucose as carbon source. A glucose-deprived environment induced lactic acid stress tolerance in all species. With lactate as carbon source the growth rate of C. krusei is even higher compared to glucose, whereas the other species grow slower. C. krusei may use lactic acid as carbon source in the vaginal tract. Stress resistance variability was highest among C. parapsilosis strains. In conclusion, each Candida spp. is adapted differently to cope with lactic acid stress and resistant to physiological concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T09:17:04Z","timestamp":1607419024000},"page":"348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Human Pathogenic Candida Species Respond Distinctively to Lactic Acid Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Isabella","family":"Zangl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Beyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ildiko-Julia","family":"Pap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University Hospital of St. P\u00f6lten, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100 St P\u00f6lten, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0474-6267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Asp\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University Hospital of St. P\u00f6lten, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100 St P\u00f6lten, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7921-5749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit","family":"Willinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1649-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Sch\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria"},{"name":"Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 3430 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4517","article-title":"Current understanding of the human microbiome","volume":"24","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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