{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T22:39:58Z","timestamp":1767911998211,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences research and ESCMID study group","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive candidiasis remains one of the most prevalent systemic mycoses, and several studies have documented the presence of mixed yeast (MY) infections. Here, we describe the epidemiology, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of MY infections causing invasive candidiasis in a multicenter prospective study. Thirty-four centers from 14 countries participated. Samples were collected in each center between April to September 2018, and they were sent to a reference center to confirm identification by sequencing methods and to perform antifungal susceptibility testing, according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). A total of 6895 yeast cultures were identified and MY occurred in 150 cases (2.2%). Europe accounted for the highest number of centers, with an overall MY rate of 4.2% (118 out of 2840 yeast cultures). Of 122 MY cases, the most frequent combinations were Candida albicans\/C. glabrata (42, 34.4%), C. albicans\/C. parapsilosis (17, 14%), and C. glabrata\/C. tropicalis (8, 6.5%). All Candida isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, 6.4% were fluconazole-resistant, and two isolates (1.6%) were echinocandin-resistant. Accurate identification of the species involved in MY infections is essential to guide treatment decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7010013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T10:04:46Z","timestamp":1609236286000},"page":"13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["MixInYeast: A Multicenter Study on Mixed Yeast Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6176-0052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narda","family":"Medina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Soto-Debr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danila","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"European Diamond Excellence Center for Medical Mycology of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM), 50937 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isin","family":"Akyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, 34758 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Acibadem Labmed Laboratories, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6010-8414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid","family":"Badali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0132-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Barac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6870-3800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bretagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75010 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Agents, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasemin","family":"Cag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Cassagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille University, UMR MD3 IP-TPT, 13885 Marseilles, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Valme, 41014 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1555-3807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arunaloke","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2817-3830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Dannaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie, H\u00f4pital Europ\u00e9en Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Cardozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Cl\u00ednic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Garcia-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9782-3577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliette","family":"Guitard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5361-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Hamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Palacky University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and University Hospital, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1653-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Hoenigl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9553-5742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Jagielski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8039-4991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadegh","family":"Khodavaisy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology &amp; Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Lo Cascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 30126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8869-1509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Meletiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Haidari, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5706-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1on, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CIBERES (CB06\/06\/0058), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Ochman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, The Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, W. 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Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Pel\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Fundaci\u00f3n para la Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica y la Innovaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (FINBA), 33011 Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Perez-Ayala Balzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5751-9311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juergen","family":"Prattes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0202-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Roilides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maite","family":"Ru\u00edz-P\u00e9rez de Pipa\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Stauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Klinikum N\u00fcrnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Klinikum N\u00fcrnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Barrenechea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious disease and Clinical Microbiology Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Tejero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Trovato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C. Laboratory Analysis Unit, A.O.U. \u201cPoliclinico-Vittorio Emanuele\u201d, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9990-9657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Vi\u00f1uela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda Hospital Universitario R\u00edo Hortega, 47012 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thanwa","family":"Wongsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0140-431X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"\u017bak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Children\u2019s University Hospital of Cracow, 30-663 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1449-4668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Zarrinfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91766-99199, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2946-7785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelia","family":"Lass-Fl\u00f6rl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene und Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sevtap","family":"Arikan-Akdagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06100 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8651-4405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Alastruey-Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of MixInYeast Study Group from EFISG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx444","article-title":"Changes in the epidemiological landscape of invasive candidiasis","volume":"73","author":"Lamoth","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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