{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:04:12Z","timestamp":1781305452698,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]],"date-time":"2021-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS PI18CIII\/00045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS PI18CIII\/00045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["REIPI RD16\/CIII\/0004\/0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["REIPI RD16\/CIII\/0004\/0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus is an emerging worldwide problem with increasing reports of therapy failure cases produced by resistant isolates. A case of azole-resistant A. fumigatus hospital colonization in a patient is reported here. Investigations of the hospital environment led to the recovery of A. fumigatus strains harboring the TR34\/L98H and the G448S Cyp51A azole resistance mechanisms. Isolate genotyping showed that one strain from the environment was isogenic with the patient strains. These are the first environmental A. fumigatus azole resistant strains collected in a hospital in Spain; it supports the idea of the hospital environment as a source of dissemination and colonization\/infection by azole resistant A. fumigatus in patients. The isolation of an azole-resistant strain from an azole-na\u00efve patient is an interesting finding, suggesting that an effective analysis of clinical and environmental sources must be done to detect azole resistance in A. fumigatus. The emergence and spread of these resistance mechanisms in A. fumigatus is of major concern because it confers high resistance to voriconazole and is associated with treatment failure in patients with invasive aspergillosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7010022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]],"date-time":"2021-01-03T19:54:46Z","timestamp":1609703686000},"page":"22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Hospital Environment as a Source of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Strains with TR34\/L98H and G448S Cyp51A Mutations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4821-4852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Gonzalez-Jimenez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7545-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Lucio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Dolores","family":"Men\u00e9ndez-Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Fundaci\u00f3n para la Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (FINBA), 33011 Oviedo,  Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9801-0260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Mellado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16\/CIII\/0004\/0003), ISCIII, 28222 Majadahonda,  Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Pel\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Fundaci\u00f3n para la Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (FINBA), 33011 Oviedo,  Asturias, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00140-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00140-18","article-title":"Aspergillusfumigatus and aspergillosis in 2019","volume":"33","author":"Chamilos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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