{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:37:19Z","timestamp":1788482239863,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Health Systems Research Institute","award":["HSRI 63-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HSRI 63-003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular pythiosis is a rare, neglected, life-threatening disease with mortality of 100% in patients with incomplete surgical resection or patients with persistently elevated serum \u03b2-d-glucan (BDG). The study was conducted to understand the clinical outcomes of new treatment protocols and potential use of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and c-reactive protein (CRP) as alternative monitoring tools, given recent favorable minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibacterial agents and prohibitive cost of serum BDG in Thailand. A prospective cohort study of patients with vascular pythiosis was conducted between February 2019 and August 2020. After diagnosis, patients were followed at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3, and 6 months. Descriptive statistics, Spearman\u2019s correlation coefficient, and general linear model for longitudinal data were used. Amongst the cohort of ten vascular pythiosis patients, four had residual disease after surgery. Among four with residual disease, one developed disseminated disease and died, one developed relapse disease requiring surgery, and two were successfully managed with antimicrobial agents. The spearman\u2019s correlation coefficients between BDG and ESR, and between BDG and CRP in patients without relapse or disseminated disease were 0.65 and 0.60, respectively. Tetracyclines and macrolides had most favorable minimum inhibitory concentrations and synergistic effects were observed in combinations of these two antibiotic classes. Adjunctive use of azithromycin and doxycycline preliminarily improved survival in vascular pythiosis patients with residual disease. Further studies are needed to understand the trends of ESR and CRP in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T12:02:10Z","timestamp":1612440130000},"page":"114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clinical Outcomes of Radical Surgery and Antimicrobial Agents in Vascular Pythiosis: A Multicenter Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9507-6339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pattama","family":"Torvorapanit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9474-637X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nipat","family":"Chuleerarux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1622-1209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongpong","family":"Plongla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navaporn","family":"Worasilchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasama","family":"Manothummetha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7279-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achitpol","family":"Thongkam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattapong","family":"Langsiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaruwan","family":"Diewsurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buddhachinaraj Hospital, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasopchai","family":"Kongsakpaisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nakhon Pathom Hospital, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratiporn","family":"Bansong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunpasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuttapon","family":"Susaengrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khonkaen Hospital, Khonkean 40000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7874-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Watchara","family":"Wattanasoontornsakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariya","family":"Chindamporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0749-7342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitipong","family":"Permpalung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.2.274","article-title":"Human pythiosis associated with thalassemia hemoglobinopathy syndrome","volume":"159","author":"Sathapatayavongs","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. 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