{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T22:30:05Z","timestamp":1779229805373,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]],"date-time":"2021-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-term survival after lung transplantation is lower than that associated with other transplanted organs. Infectious complications, most importantly invasive fungal infections, have detrimental effects and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Candida infections predominate in the early post-transplant period, whereas invasive mold infections, usually those related to Aspergillus, are most common later on. This review summarizes the epidemiology and risk factors for invasive fungal diseases in lung transplant recipients, as well as the current evidence on preventive measures. These measures include universal prophylaxis, targeted prophylaxis, and preemptive treatment. Although there is consensus that a preventive strategy should be implemented, current data show no superiority of one preventive measure over another. Data are also lacking regarding the optimal antifungal regimen and the duration of treatment. As all current recommendations are based on observational, single-center, single-arm studies, it is necessary that this longstanding debate is settled with a multicenter randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T20:51:51Z","timestamp":1612817511000},"page":"122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Strategies for the Prevention of Invasive Fungal Infections after Lung Transplant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Roni","family":"Bitterman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Diseases, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Diseases, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahid","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplant Infectious Diseases, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Health Resources and Services Administration (2018). 2018 Annual Report of the U.S. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients: Transplant Data 1990\u20132018, Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0376-3","article-title":"Aspergillus infection in lung transplant patients: Incidence and prognosis","volume":"26","author":"Iversen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. 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