{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:47:14Z","timestamp":1787737634034,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Histoplasmosis is a frequent fungal opportunistic infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV), associated every year to a total of 5% to 15% of AIDS-related deaths among this population. In 2020, the first global guidelines for diagnosing and managing disseminated histoplasmosis among PLHIV was published. This document recommends (1) detection of circulating Histoplasma antigens as the recommended laboratory assay to diagnose histoplasmosis among PLHIV; (2) the use of liposomal amphotericin for induction therapy in severe or moderately severe disease, followed by a maintenance therapy with itraconazole for 12 months; a shorter maintenance therapy could be considered if the patient is clinically stable and if immune status has improved; (3) antiretroviral therapy initiation as soon as possible among patients with histoplasmosis without involvement of central nervous system; and (4) that for the treatment of co-infection with histoplasmosis and tuberculosis (TB), treatment of TB should be initiated according to the World Health Organization treatment guidelines. Appropriate health education of providers, supportive supervision, and policy guidance for the care of PLHIV are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T22:41:25Z","timestamp":1613169685000},"page":"134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Summary of Guidelines for Managing Histoplasmosis among People Living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2001-0057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freddy","family":"Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV, Hepatitis, Tuberculosis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit, Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC 20037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8749-9809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Caceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"},{"name":"Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc\/CWZ, 9101 Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ravasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV, Hepatitis, Tuberculosis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit, Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC 20037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6641-1924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota 111221, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6782-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pasqualotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre and Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Hine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4000-4981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Adenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9397-3204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Nacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Chiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Baddley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Guideline Development Group for diagnosing and managing disseminated histoplasmosis among people living with HIV","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS (2020, December 31). 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