{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:03:27Z","timestamp":1792134207895,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant PICT 2018-02186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant PICT 2018-02186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sporotrichosis, caused by Sporothrix schenckii and related species, is the most frequent implantation mycosis in Latin America. In Argentina, over the last 8 years, there have been 0.16 new cases per month of feline sporotrichosis in 2011, increasing to 0.75 cases per month in 2019 and involving zoonotic transmission to humans. Molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected Sporothrix brasiliensis in these feline and zoonotic outbreaks. This study will focus on different feline and human sporotrichosis outbreaks caused by S. brasiliensis in Argentina during 2011\u20132019. We will address the sources of infection and environmental hotspots, as well as the application of several treatment strategies for improving the pharmacotherapy of the different clinical forms of the disease. Finally, we will provide a detailed summary of the clinical aspects and new advances in host\u2013pathogen interactions, virulence factors and immune response, focusing on state-of-the-art diagnostic tools and potential vaccine candidates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7030170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T04:36:24Z","timestamp":1614314184000},"page":"170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Sporothrix brasiliensis: A Review of an Emerging South American Fungal Pathogen, Its Related Disease, Presentation and Spread in Argentina"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6332-1846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Etchecopaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1427 CWN, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9431-7794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda A.","family":"Toscanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nanobiotecnolog\u00eda (Nanobiotec), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113 AAD, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Gisbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1427 CWN, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Mas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1427 CWN, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Scarpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1427 CWN, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina A.","family":"Iovannitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Micolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Bendez\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Micolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8178-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro D.","family":"Nusblat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nanobiotecnolog\u00eda (Nanobiotec), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113 AAD, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Iachini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Zoonosis \u00abLuis Pasteur\u00bb, Buenos Aires C1405 DCD, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4467-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda L.","family":"Cuestas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1427 CWN, Argentina"},{"name":"Centro de Micolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica (IMPaM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossow, J.A., Queiroz-Telles, F., Caceres, D.H., Beer, K.D., Jackson, B.R., Pereira, J.G., Ferreira Gremi\u00e3o, I.D., and Pereira, S.A. (2020). A One Health approach to combatting Sporothrix brasiliensis: Narrative review of an emerging zoonotic fungal pathogen in South America. J. Fungi, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040247"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Della Terra, P.P., Rodrigues, A.M., Fernandes, G.F., Nishikaku, A.S., Burger, E., and de Camargo, Z.P. (2017). Exploring virulence and immunogenicity in the emerging pathogen Sporothrix brasiliensis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005903"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu061","article-title":"Feline sporotrichosis: Epidemiological and clinical aspects","volume":"53","author":"Menezes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2020, September 27). Sporotrichosis Epidemiological Bulletin 001\/2018. Secretaria de Estado de Saude do Rio de Janeiro, Available online: http:\/\/www.riocomsaude.rj.gov.br\/Publico\/MostrarArquivo.aspx?C=mgfY3RQJkek%3D."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2019.100908","article-title":"Sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis in Argentina: Case report, molecular identification and in vitro susceptibility pattern to antifungal drugs","volume":"30","author":"Etchecopaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"350","article-title":"Sporothrix brasiliensis: A growing hazard in the Northern area of Buenos Aires Province?","volume":"52","author":"Etchecopaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Argent. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Queiroz-Telles, F. (2020, October 28). How rapid tests can improve the diagnosis of sporotrichosis? 18 th INFOCUS-Web Hall 2020. 17 and 24 October 2020. Available online: https:\/\/www.infocuslatam.com.br\/home.asp."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"286","article-title":"On refractory subcutaneous abscesses caused by a fungus possibly related to the Sporotrichia","volume":"9","author":"Shenck","year":"1898","journal-title":"Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00808-07","article-title":"Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. mexicana, three new Sporothrix species of clinical interest","volume":"45","author":"Marimon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, A.M., de Melo Teixeira, M., de Hoog, G.S., Schubach, T.M., Pereira, S.A., Fernandes, G.F., Bezerra, L.M., Felipe, M.S., and de Camargo, Z.P. (2013). Phylogenetic analysis reveals a high prevalence of Sporothrix brasiliensis in feline sporotrichosis outbreaks. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002281"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00007-11","article-title":"Sporothrix schenckii and Sporotrichosis","volume":"24","author":"Barros","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3767\/003158515X687416","article-title":"Phylogeography and evolutionary patterns in Sporothrix spanning more than 14 000 human and animal case reports","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2020.103397","article-title":"Coinfection of domestic felines by distinct Sporothrix brasiliensis in the Brazilian sporotrichosis hyperendemic area","volume":"140","author":"Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190260","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760190260","article-title":"A case of sporotrichosis caused by different Sporothrix brasiliensis strains: Mycological, molecular, and virulence analyses","volume":"114","author":"Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"212308","article-title":"Phenotypic characteristics associated with virulence of clinical isolates from the Sporothrix complex","volume":"2015","author":"Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282f50052","article-title":"Outbreaks of sporotrichosis","volume":"21","author":"Hay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teixeira, M.M., de Almeida, L.G., Kubitschek-Barreira, P., Alves, F.L., Kioshima, E.S., Abadio, A.K., Fernandes, L., Derengowski, L.S., Ferreira, K.S., and Souza, R.C. (2014). Comparative genomics of the major fungal agents of human and animal Sporotrichosis: Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis. BMC Genomics, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-943"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00514-17","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00514-17","article-title":"Proteins potentially involved in immune evasion strategies in Sporothrix brasiliensis elucidated by ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"3","author":"Rossato","year":"2018","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2014.33","article-title":"Emerging sporotrichosis is driven by clonal and recombinant Sporothrix species","volume":"3","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida-Paes, R., de Oliveira, M.M., Freitas, D.F., do Valle, A.C., Zancop\u00e9-Oliveira, R.M., and Gutierrez-Galhardo, M.C. (2014). Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Sporothrix brasiliensis is associated with atypical clinical presentations. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003094"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2603.190803","article-title":"Geographic expansion of Sporotrichosis, Brazil","volume":"26","author":"Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Fernandez, N., Iachini, R., Farias, L., Pozzi, N., and Tiraboschi, I. (2015, January 5\u20137). Esporotricosis; una zoonosis e alerta. Proceedings of the Infocus Cordoba, Circulo Medico de, Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12760","article-title":"Molecular identification and susceptibility profile of Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato isolated in Argentina","volume":"61","author":"Isla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"107","article-title":"Cutaneous sporotrichosis in a cat scratch lesion in a child","volume":"71","author":"Carrillo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev. Argent. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu062","article-title":"Global epidemiology of sporotrichosis","volume":"53","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"67","article-title":"Esporotricosis transmitida por gato dom\u00e9stico. Reporte de un caso familiar","volume":"9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Nac."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"e2906","article-title":"Zoonotic sporotrichosis related to cat contact: First case report from Panama in Central America","volume":"10","author":"Rios","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12302","article-title":"Molecular typing of Sporothrix schenckii isolates from cats in Malaysia","volume":"58","author":"Kano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx104","article-title":"Fungal infections in animals: A patchwork of different situations","volume":"56","author":"Seyedmousavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"433","article-title":"About a mycosis observed in men and rats","volume":"21","author":"Lutz","year":"1907","journal-title":"Rev. Med. S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx103","article-title":"Sporotrichosis between 1898 and 2017: The evolution of knowledge on a changeable disease and on emerging etiological agents","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"28","article-title":"Epidemiological status of mycoses in the Argentine Republic","volume":"39","author":"Davel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Argent. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"71","article-title":"Problemas cl\u00ednicos en Micolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica: Problema no. 4. S\u00edndrome linfang\u00edtico-nodular [Clinical cases in Medical Mycology]","volume":"20","author":"Negroni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Micol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"27","article-title":"Sporotrichosis in a domestic cat","volume":"41","author":"Iachini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Argent. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"73","article-title":"Esporotricosis diseminada, con compromiso cut\u00e1neo y visceral","volume":"40","author":"Arechavala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Patol. Trop."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"14","article-title":"Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis","volume":"61","author":"Starck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Argent. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-017-0197-6","article-title":"Cavitary pulmonary sporotrichosis: Case report and literature review","volume":"182","author":"Rojas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"133","article-title":"Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis secondary to cat bite","volume":"23","author":"Bertera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Argent."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Estad\u00edstica Hospital SAMIC El Calafate (2019, December 03). Alerta Epidemiol\u00f3gica. Available online: http:\/\/aam.org.ar\/src\/img_up\/18122019.0.pdf."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez-Soto, M.C., Aguilar-Ancori, E.G., Tirado-S\u00e1nchez, A., and Bonifaz, A. (2018). Ecological Determinants of sporotrichosis etiological agents. J. Fungi, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030095"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mac\u00eado-Sales, P.A., Souto, S.R.L.S., Destefani, C.A., Lucena, R.P., Machado, R.L.D., Pinto, M.R., Rodrigues, A.M., Lopes-Bezerra, L.M., Rocha, E.M.S., and Baptista, A.R.S. (2018). Domestic feline contribution in the transmission of Sporothrix in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: A comparison between infected and non-infected populations. BMC Vet. Res., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1340-4"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2020, November 13). Global Action for Fund for Fungal Infections (GAFFI). Available online: https:\/\/www.gaffi.org\/."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"131","article-title":"Comparison of arthropod prey of redcockaded woodpeckers on the boles of longleaf and loblolly pines","volume":"30","author":"Horn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wildl. Soc. Bull."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-019-00350-x","article-title":"Interaction with Pantoea agglomerans modulates growth and melanization of Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii","volume":"184","author":"Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbr.2016.09.001","article-title":"Melanin biosynthesis in pathogenic species of Sporothrix","volume":"31","author":"Rozental","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fung Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Helm, M., and Berman, C. (1947). The clinical, therapeutic and epidemiological features of sporotrichosis infection of the mines. Proceedings of the Transvaal Mine Medical Officers\u2019 Association Sporotrichosis Infection on Mines of the Witwatersrand, The Transvaal Chamber of Mines."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"99","article-title":"Geo-epidemiology and socioeconomic aspects of human sporotrichosis in the municipality of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2007 and 2016","volume":"114","author":"Alzuguir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12504","article-title":"Sporotrichosis in Southern Brazil, towards an epidemic?","volume":"65","author":"Poester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zoonoses. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castro, R.A., Kubitschek-Barreira, P.H., Teixeira, P.A., Sanches, G.F., Teixeira, M.M., Quintella, L.P., Almeida, S.R., Costa, R.O., Camargo, Z.P., and Felipe, M.S. (2013). Differences in cell morphometry, cell wall topography and gp70 expression correlate with the virulence of Sporothrix brasiliensis clinical isolates. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075656"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0171-2016","article-title":"Sporothrix brasiliensis produces the highest levels of oxidative stress in a murine model among the species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex","volume":"50","author":"Mario","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2014.01.004","article-title":"Genotyping species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex by PCR-RFLP of calmodulin","volume":"78","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00843","article-title":"Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto and Sporothrix brasiliensis are differentially recognized by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx043","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility of Sporothrix schenckii complex biofilms","volume":"56","author":"Brilhante","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes-Bezerra, L.M., Walker, L.A., Ni\u00f1o-Vega, G., Mora-Montes, H.M., Neves, G.W.P., Villalobos-Duno, H., Barreto, L., Garcia, K., Franco, B., and Mart\u00ednez-\u00c1lvarez, J.A. (2018). Cell walls of the dimorphic fungal pathogens Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis exhibit bilaminate structures and sloughing of extensive and intact layers. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006169"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"243","article-title":"Sporothrix schenckii cell wall peptidorhamnomannans","volume":"2","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802165789","article-title":"Isolation and some properties of a glycoprotein of 70 kDa (Gp70) from the cell wall of Sporothrix schenckii involved in fungal adherence to dermal extracellular matrix","volume":"47","author":"Toriello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, A.M., Fernandes, G.F., Araujo, L.M., Della Terra, P.P., dos Santos, P.O., Pereira, S.A., Schubach, T.M., Burger, E., Lopes-Bezerra, L.M., and de Camargo, Z.P. (2015). Proteomics-based characterization of the humoral immune response in sporotrichosis: Toward discovery of potential diagnostic and vaccine antigens. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004016"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53135-z","article-title":"Immunization with recombinant enolase of Sporothrix spp. (rSsEno) confers effective protection against sporotrichosis in mice","volume":"9","author":"Portuondo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2015.10.005","article-title":"A cell wall protein-based vaccine candidate induces protective immune response against Sporothrix schenckii infection","volume":"221","author":"Portuondo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-009-9190-z","article-title":"Current research on the immune response to experimental sporotrichosis","volume":"168","author":"Carlos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2000.00125.x","article-title":"Virulence of Sporothrix schenckii conidia and yeast cells, and their susceptibility to nitric oxide","volume":"101","author":"Fernandes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"45","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in fungi: Composition and functions","volume":"422","author":"Szwarc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2018.01.011","article-title":"Fungal extracellular vesicles: Modulating host-pathogen interactions by both the fungus and the host","volume":"20","author":"Nimrichter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbes. Infect."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01171-09","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from Cryptococcus neoformans modulate macrophage functions","volume":"78","author":"Oliveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02286","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from Sporothrix brasiliensis are an important virulence factor that induce an increase in fungal burden in experimental sporotrichosis","volume":"9","author":"Ikeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2009.03.002","article-title":"Growth conditions influence melanization of Brazilian clinical Sporothrix schenckii isolates","volume":"11","author":"Frases","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbes. Infect."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8623","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02414-12","article-title":"de S.; de Oliveira, M.M.; Gerfen, G.J.; Nosanchuk, J.D.; Zancop\u00e9-Oliveira, R.M. Biosynthesis and functions of a melanoid pigment produced by species of the Sporothrix complex in the presence of L-tyrosine","volume":"78","author":"Frases","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3109\/13693780903453287","article-title":"L-DOPA accessibility in culture medium increases melanin expression and virulence of Sporothrix schenckii yeast cells","volume":"48","author":"Teixeira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida-Paes, R., Figueiredo-Carvalho, M.H., Brito-Santosm, F., Almeida-Silva, F., Oliveira, M.M., and Zancop\u00e9-Oliveira, R.M. (2016). Melanins protect Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii from the antifungal effects of terbinafine. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152796"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000876","article-title":"The impact of the absence of Toll-like receptor-2 during Sporothrix brasiliensis infection","volume":"68","author":"Rossato","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy048","article-title":"The importance of Toll-like receptor 4 during experimental Sporothrix brasiliensis infection","volume":"57","author":"Rossato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-010-0034-6","article-title":"T-cell subsets and antifungal host defenses","volume":"4","author":"Netea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Fungal Infect. Rep."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2018.08.004","article-title":"Sporothrix brasiliensis induces a more severe disease associated with sustained Th17 and regulatory T cells responses than Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto in mice","volume":"122","author":"Portuondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fungal Biol."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"29","article-title":"Severe feline sporotrichosis associated with an increased population of CD8low cells and a decrease in CD4\u207a cells","volume":"54","author":"Miranda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.4.2021","article-title":"Progressive differentiation and commitment of CD8+ T cells to a poorly cytolytic CD8low phenotype in the presence of IL-4","volume":"174","author":"Kienzle","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Queiroz-Telles, F., Buccheri, R., and Benard, G. (2019). Sporotrichosis in immunocompromised hosts. J. Fungi, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010008"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.11.015","article-title":"Sporotrichosis in the ocular adnexa: 21 cases in an endemic area in Peru and review of the literature","volume":"162","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-019-00347-6","article-title":"High-virulence cat-transmitted ocular sporotrichosis","volume":"184","author":"Cavalcante","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000151504.26695.3e","article-title":"Primary conjunctival sporotrichosis: Two cases from a zoonotic epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"24","author":"Schubach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matos, A.M.F., Moreira, L.M., Barczewski, B.F., de Matos, L.X., de Oliveira, J.B.V., Pimentel, M.I.F., Almeida-Paes, R., Oliveira, M.G., Pinto, T.C.A., and Lima, N. (2019). Identification by MALDI-TOF MS of Sporothrix brasiliensis isolated from a subconjunctival infiltrative lesion in an immunocompetent patient. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8010022"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0441","article-title":"Disseminated Sporothrix brasiliensis infection with endocardial and ocular involvement in an HIV-infected patient","volume":"86","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13378","article-title":"Dacryocystitis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis: A case report of a successful clinical and serological outcome with low-dose potassium iodide treatment and oculoplastic surgery","volume":"172","author":"Sztajnbok","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0000000000000290","article-title":"Multifocal choroiditis in disseminated sporotrichosis in patients with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"11","author":"Biancardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retin. Cases Brief. Rep."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofy081","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy081","article-title":"Chronic meningitis and hydrocephalus due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in immunocompetent adults: A challenging entity","volume":"5","author":"Mialski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1086\/522765","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of sporotrichosis: 2007 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"45","author":"Kauffman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.584074","article-title":"Disseminated sporotrichosis in a patient with hairy cell leukemia treated with amphotericin B and posaconazole","volume":"50","author":"Bunce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-015-0051-1","article-title":"The difficult management of disseminated Sporothrix brasiliensis in a patient with advanced AIDS","volume":"12","author":"Galhardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonifaz, A., and Tirado-S\u00e1nchez, A. (2017). Cutaneous disseminated and extracutaneous sporotrichosis: Current status of a complex disease. J. Fungi, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof3010006"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ361","article-title":"Sporotrichosis in the central nervous system caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"61","author":"Freitas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"16","article-title":"Palate ulcer, uvular destruction and nasal septal perforation caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis in an HIV-infected patient","volume":"23","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0146-2014","article-title":"de F.; Saheki, M.N.; Bedoya-Pacheco, S.J.; Valle, A.C. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV and sporotrichosis coinfection: Report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"47","author":"Lyra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2019.10.005","article-title":"Meningeal and multiorgan disseminated sporotrichosis: A case report and autopsy study","volume":"26","author":"Duani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962011000500020","article-title":"Sporotrichosis in pregnancy: Case reports of 5 patients in a zoonotic epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"86","author":"Costa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.02.003","article-title":"Pregnancy during a sporotrichosis epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"117","author":"Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fichman, V., Valle, A.C.F.D., de Macedo, P.M., Freitas, D.F.S., Oliveira, M.M.E., Almeida-Paes, R., and Gutierrez-Galhardo, M.C. (2018). Cryosurgery for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis in four pregnant women. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006434"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31815bf309","article-title":"Endemic of zoonotic sporotrichosis: Profile of cases in children","volume":"27","author":"Barros","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13643","article-title":"Sporotrichosis among children of a hyperendemic area in Peru: An 8-year retrospective study","volume":"56","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez Soto, M.C. (2015). Sporotrichosis: The story of an endemic region in Peru over 28 years (1985 to 2012). PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127924"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2018.03.006","article-title":"A case of disseminated sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"21","author":"Fernandes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"659","article-title":"Sporotrichosis: An update","volume":"145","author":"Bonifaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e367","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30306-7","article-title":"Neglected endemic mycoses","volume":"17","author":"Fahal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13489225","article-title":"Sporotrichosis in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management","volume":"15","author":"Lloret","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montenegro, H., Rodrigues, A.M., Dias, M.A., da Silva, E.A., Bernardi, F., and de Camargo, Z.P. (2014). Feline sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis: An emerging animal infection in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. BMC Vet. Res., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0269-5"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Miranda, L.H.M., Meli, M., Concei\u00e7\u00e3o-Silva, F., Novacco, M., Menezes, R.C., Pereira, S.A., Sugiarto, S., Dos Reis, \u00c9.G., Gremi\u00e3o, I.D.F., and Hofmann-Lehmann, R. (2018). Co-infection with feline retrovirus is related to changes in immunological parameters of cats with sporotrichosis. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207644"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00191.x","article-title":"Helminth parasites--masters of regulation","volume":"201","author":"Maizels","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"150","article-title":"Morphological and molecular identification of Cysticercus fasciolaris isolated from rodent hosts (Rattus norvegicus) in Buenos Aires province (Argentina)","volume":"45","author":"Morici","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Argent. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Zhang, J., Huang, H., Xue, R., Hu, X., Li, M., Zhong, Y., and Yuan, L. (2012). Taenia taeniaeformis in rat favors protracted skin lesions caused by Sporothrix schenckii infection: Dectin-1 and IL-17 are dispensable for clearance of this fungus. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052514"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9074","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27447-5","article-title":"Clinical features, fungal load, coinfections, histological skin changes, and itraconazole treatment response of cats with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"8","author":"Borba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gremi\u00e3o, I.D., Miranda, L.H., Reis, E.G., Rodrigues, A.M., and Pereira, S.A. (2017). Zoonotic epidemic of sporotrichosis: Cat to human transmission. PLoS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006077"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780500148186","article-title":"Canine sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis and therapeutic response in 44 cases (1998\u20132003)","volume":"44","author":"Schubach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-5150-pvb-4562","article-title":"Canine sporotrichosis: Report of 15 advanced cases","volume":"38","author":"Mascarenhas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pesqui. Vet. Bras."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-017-0225-6","article-title":"Successful treatment of canine sporotrichosis with terbinafine: Case reports and literature review","volume":"183","author":"Viana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Li, F., Li, R., Gong, J., and Zhao, F. (2019). Fast diagnosis of sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix schenckii, and Sporothrix brasiliensis based on multiplex real-time PCR. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007219"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6241","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117018109","article-title":"Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi","volume":"109","author":"Schoch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.07.007","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of sporotrichosis infection in cats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a specific antigen, SsCBF, and crude exoantigens","volume":"147","author":"Fernandes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01661.x","article-title":"Arthritis as a hypersensitivity reaction in a case of sporotrichosis transmitted by a sick cat: Clinical and serological follow up of 13 months","volume":"53","author":"Damasco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.07.002","article-title":"Matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight intact cell mass spectrometry to detect emerging pathogenic Candida species","volume":"71","author":"Santos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2014.12.008","article-title":"Development and optimization of a new MALDI-TOF protocol for identification of the Sporothrix species complex","volume":"166","author":"Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu056","article-title":"Susceptibility of Sporothrix brasiliensis isolates to amphotericin B, azoles, and terbinafine","volume":"53","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760160527","article-title":"Minimal inhibitory concentration distributions and epidemiological cutoff values of five antifungal agents against Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"112","author":"Machado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01057-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01057-17","article-title":"Multicenter, international study of MIC\/MEC distributions for definition of epidemiological cutoff values for Sporothrix species identified by molecular methods","volume":"61","author":"Abreu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"507","article-title":"Refractory sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in humans appears to be unrelated to in vivo resistance","volume":"55","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"311","article-title":"\u0394(24)-Sterol methyltransferase plays an important role in the growth and development of Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"7","author":"Visbal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asquith, C.R.M., Machado, A.C.S., de Miranda, L.H.M., Konstantinova, L.S., Almeida-Paes, R., Rakitin, O.A., and Pereira, S.A. (2019). Synthesis and identification of pentathiepin-based inhibitors of Sporothrix brasiliensis. Antibiotics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8040249"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia Ferreira, P., Pereira Borba-Santos, L., Noronha, L.L., Deckman Nicoletti, C., de S\u00e1 Haddad Queiroz, M., de Carvalho da Silva, F., Rozental, S., Omena Futuro, D., and Francisco Ferreira, V. (2019). Synthesis, stability studies, and antifungal evaluation of substituted \u03b1- and \u03b2-2,3-dihydrofuranaphthoquinones against Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24050930"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy044","article-title":"Antifungal activity of diphenyl diselenide alone and in combination with itraconazole against Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"57","author":"Poester","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000608","article-title":"Clotrimazole is highly effective in vitro against feline Sporothrix brasiliensis isolates","volume":"66","author":"Gagini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.009","article-title":"Investigation of a microemulsion containing clotrimazole and itraconazole for transdermal delivery for the treatment of sporotrichosis","volume":"109","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.02.022","article-title":"Chemical and cytotoxic analyses of brown Brazilian propolis (Apis mellifera) and its in vitro activity against itraconazole-resistant Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"105","author":"Waller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-016-0047-y","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of Sporothrix brasiliensis to essential oils of Lamiaceae Family","volume":"181","author":"Waller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000517","article-title":"Chemical composition and cytotoxicity of extracts of marjoram and rosemary and their activity against Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"66","author":"Waller","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.031","article-title":"Antifungal activity of different molecular weight chitosans against planktonic cells and biofilm of Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"143","author":"Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poester, V.R., Munhoz, L.S., Larwood, D., Martinez, M., Stevens, D.A., and Xavier, M.O. (2020). Potential use of Nikkomycin Z as an anti- Sporothrix spp. drug. Med. Mycol., myaa054.","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa054"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01759","article-title":"Tacrolimus increases the effectiveness of itraconazole and fluconazole against Sporothrix spp.","volume":"8","author":"Ramos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx040","article-title":"Efficacy of a poly-aggregated formulation of amphotericin B in treating systemic sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"56","author":"Ishida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"345","article-title":"The efficacy of humanized antibody against the Sporothrix antigen, gp70, in promoting phagocytosis and reducing disease burden","volume":"8","author":"Santiago","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.05.046","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and toxicity of two vaccine candidates against Sporothrix schenckii using either Montanide\u2122 Pet Gel A or aluminum hydroxide adjuvants in mice","volume":"35","author":"Portuondo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22709-8","article-title":"An immunoproteomic approach revealing peptides from Sporothrix brasiliensis that induce a cellular immune response in subcutaneous sporotrichosis","volume":"8","author":"Jannuzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00449-20","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00449-20","article-title":"Threats posed by the fungal kingdom to humans, wildlife, and agriculture","volume":"11","author":"Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_140","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, February 11). Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals. A Road Map for Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021\u20132030. Overview., Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-UCN-NTD-2020.01."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/7\/3\/170\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:29:01Z","timestamp":1760160541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/7\/3\/170"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"references-count":140,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jof7030170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof7030170","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]}}}