{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:04:00Z","timestamp":1792803840335,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report a fatal case of Rhizopus azygosporus pneumonia in a 56-year-old man hospitalized for COVID-19 who had received methylprednisolone and tocilizumab. Although COVID-associated pulmonary aspergillosis has been widely documented, mucormycosis has been rarely reported. In this patient, receipt of two commonly used immunosuppressants likely contributed to mucormycosis risk, suggesting the need for vigilance in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7030174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T20:43:32Z","timestamp":1614545012000},"page":"174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["A Fatal Case of Rhizopus azygosporus Pneumonia Following COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0506-3858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anubhav","family":"Kanwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Beebe Healthcare, Lewes, DE 19958, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiologist, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329-4018, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Olewiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Beebe Healthcare, Lewes, DE 19958, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Wehberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beebe Healthcare, Lewes, DE 19958, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Beebe Healthcare, Lewes, DE 19958, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3369-2408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan R.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Late Sequelae Unit, CDC COVID-19 Response Clinical Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329-4018, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycres.2007.03.004","article-title":"A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi","volume":"111","author":"Hibbett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mycol. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1086\/432579","article-title":"Epidemiology and Outcome of Zygomycosis: A Review of 929 Reported Cases","volume":"41","author":"Roden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2701.202896","article-title":"Aspergillosis Complicating Severe Coronavirus Disease","volume":"27","author":"Marr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir868","article-title":"Early Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary, Extrapulmonary, and Disseminated Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis)","volume":"54","author":"Walsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa078","article-title":"Pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"59","author":"Dupont","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartoletti, M., Pascale, R., Cricca, M., Rinaldi, M., Maccaro, A., Bussini, L., Fornaro, G., Tonetti, T., Pizzilli, G., and Francalanci, E. (2020). Epidemiology of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Among Intubated Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Study. Clin. Infect. Dis.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1065"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06091-6","article-title":"Review of influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients and proposal for a case definition: An expert opinion","volume":"46","author":"Verweij","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"e10726","article-title":"Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis Associated With COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mekonnen, Z.K., Ashraf, D.C., Jankowski, T., Grob, S.R., Vagefi, M.R., Kersten, R.C., Simko, J.P., and Winn, B.J. (2020). Acute Invasive Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis in a Patient With COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg.","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001889"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2020.180","article-title":"Rare and Fatal Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis) in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report","volume":"53","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pasero, D., Sanna, S., Liperi, C., Piredda, D., Branca, G.P., Casadio, L., Simeo, R., Buselli, A., Rizzo, D., and Bussu, F. (2020). A challenging complication following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case of pulmonary mucormycosis. Infection, 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01561-x"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2020.09.026","article-title":"Bronchopleural fistula development in the setting of novel therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia","volume":"15","author":"Placik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werthman-Ehrenreich, A. (2020). Mucormycosis with orbital compartment syndrome in a patient with COVID-19. Am. J. Emerg. Med.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.09.032"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2020, December 22). Covid-19 Triggering Rare, Fatal Fungal Infection: Here\u2019s All about Mucormycosis. Available online: https:\/\/wwwhindustantimescom\/india-news\/covid-19-triggering-rare-fatal-fungal-infection-here-s-all-about-mucormycosis\/story-ZN9ZD9ewZOwrc4rxIZUACLhtml."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White, P.L., Dhillon, R., Cordey, A., Hughes, H., Faggian, F., Soni, S., Pandey, M., Whitaker, H., May, A., and Morgan, M. (2020). A National Strategy to Diagnose Coronavirus Disease 2019\u2013Associated Invasive Fungal Disease in the Intensive Care Unit. Clin. Infect. Dis.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1298"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koehler, P., Bassetti, M., Chakrabarti, A., Chen, S.C., Colombo, A.L., Hoenigl, M., Klimko, N., Lass-Fl\u00f6rl, C., Gangneux, J.-P., and B\u00f6ll, B. (2020). Defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: The 2020 ECMM\/ISHAM consensus criteria for research and clinical guidance. Lancet Infect. Dis.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30847-1"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamoth, F. (2016). Galactomannan and 1,3-\u03b2-d-Glucan Testing for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis. J. Fungi, 2.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof2030022"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5416","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-07-366526","article-title":"Mucorales-specific T cells emerge in the course of invasive mucormycosis and may be used as a surrogate diagnostic marker in high-risk patients","volume":"118","author":"Potenza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/7\/3\/174\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:30:18Z","timestamp":1760160618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/7\/3\/174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jof7030174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof7030174","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]]}}}