{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T01:08:19Z","timestamp":1770512899028,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Fungal Infections Definitions in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients (FUNDICU) project aims to provide standard sets of definitions for invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) in critically ill, adult patients, including invasive aspergillosis (IA), invasive candidiasis (IC), Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), and other non-IA, non-IC IFDs. The first step of the project was the conduction of separated systematic reviews of the characteristics and applicability to critically ill, adult patients outside classical populations at risk (hematology patients, solid organ transplant recipients) of available definitions and diagnostic tests for IFDs. We report here the results of two systematic reviews exploring the performance of available definitions and tests, for PJP and for other non-IA, non-IC IFDs. Starting from 2585 and 4584 records for PJP and other IFDs, respectively, 89 and 61 studies were deemed as eligible for full-text evaluation. However, only two studies for PJP and no studies for other IFDs met the FUNDICU protocol criteria for inclusion in qualitative synthesis. Currently, there is no sufficient solid data for directly evaluating the performance of existing definitions and laboratory tests for the diagnosis of PJP and other non-IA, non-IC IFDs in critically ill adult patients outside classical populations at risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7030176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T20:43:32Z","timestamp":1614545012000},"page":"176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Performance of Existing Definitions and Tests for the Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases other than Invasive Candidiasis and Invasive Aspergillosis in Critically Ill, Adult Patients: A Systematic Review with Qualitative Evidence Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2385-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Giacobbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Clinica Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino\u2013IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cortegiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2226-0239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilias","family":"Karaiskos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hygeia General Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toine","family":"Mercier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Tejada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research\/Epidemiology in Pneumonia &amp; Sepsis (CRIPS), Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4640-679X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maddalena","family":"Peghin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Udine and Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Grecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Rebuffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1618-8867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Asperges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6433-506X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Zuccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7240-9567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigia","family":"Scudeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics IRCCS, Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano Foundation, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Bassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Clinica Malattie Infettive, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino\u2013IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the FUNDICU investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(08)70006-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of candidemia in intensive care units","volume":"32","author":"Bouza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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