{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:25:17Z","timestamp":1789068317621,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000981","name":"Hort Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BA14014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA14014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000981","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fusarium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) is a significant constraint to banana production worldwide, with the recent expansion of banana growing regions impacted by Foc Tropical Race 4 (TR4). The lack of commercially acceptable Cavendish cultivars with Foc resistance means the only current means of effective control is through strict quarantine and inoculum management. One method of control that is currently advocated includes the removal of infected plants which have been killed using herbicide injections. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of herbicide and fungicide treatments on sporulation of the fungus. In glasshouse studies using a green fluorescent transformed Foc Subtropical Race 4 isolate, we found treatments with herbicide hastened colonisation of the banana tissue and the production of micro- and macroconidia. The use of a fungicide did not prevent sporulation of the fungus in such tissue. This study demonstrates that herbicide treated plants are a source of potential inoculum for infection of nearby plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7030184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T21:58:07Z","timestamp":1614895087000},"page":"184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of in Planta Treatment of \u2018Cavendish\u2019 Banana with Herbicides and Fungicides on the Colonisation and Sporulation by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Subtropical Race 4"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2016-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Organics Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, Australia"},{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Aitken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2015.01.007","article-title":"Management of Fusarium wilt of banana: A review with special reference to tropical race 4","volume":"73","author":"Ploetz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.01395","article-title":"The epidemiology of Fusarium wilt of banana","volume":"10","author":"Pegg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simyco.2018.06.003","article-title":"Phylogeny and genetic diversity of the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in the Indonesian centre of origin","volume":"92","author":"Maryani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stud. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3767\/persoonia.2019.43.01","article-title":"Epitypification of Fusarium oxysporum\u2014clearing the taxonomic chaos","volume":"43","author":"Lombard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Bastidas, F., Quintero-Vargas, C., Ayala-Vasquez, M., Seidl, M., Schermer, T., Santos-Paiva, M., Noguera, A.M., Aguilera-Galvez, C., Wittenberg, A., and Hofstede, R. (2019). First report of Fusarium wilt Tropical Race 4 in Cavendish bananas caused by Fusarium odoratissimum in Colombia. Plant Dis., 994.","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-09-19-1922-PDN"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2019, December 10). Queensland Biosecurity Manual, Version 12.0, Available online: https:\/\/www.daf.qld.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0004\/379138\/qld-biosecurity-manual.pdf."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"332","article-title":"Effect of urea applications on survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. cubense in soil","volume":"53","author":"Sequeira","year":"1963","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01748","article-title":"The Movement of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Sub-Tropical Race 4) in Susceptible Cultivars of Banana","volume":"9","author":"Warman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"730","article-title":"Side-effects of herbicides on cotton wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum I. Effect of herbicides on fungal growth and wilt incidence of cotton plants","volume":"89","author":"Youssef","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Plant Dis. Prot."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1139\/m87-062","article-title":"Effects of glyphosate on Fusarium spp.: Its influence on root colonisation of weeds, propagule density in the soil and crop emergence","volume":"33","author":"Rahe","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO.2000.90.1.57","article-title":"Effects of herbicides on Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines and development of sudden death syndrome in glyphosate-tolerant soybean","volume":"90","author":"Sanogo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2006.06.008","article-title":"Evaluation of fungicides and sterilants for potential application in the management of Fusarium wilt of banana","volume":"26","author":"Nel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (2021, February 17). Online Services Portal, Available online: https:\/\/portal.apvma.gov.au\/."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (2021, February 17). FRAC Code List \u00a9*2020: Fungal Control Agents Sorted by Cross Resistance Pattern and Mode of Action. Available online: https:\/\/www.frac.info\/knowledge-database\/knowledge-database."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-017-1173-1","article-title":"Management of laurel wilt of avocado, caused by Raffaelea lauricola","volume":"149","author":"Ploetz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12639","article-title":"Fusarium crown rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum in cereal crops: Recent progress and future prospects","volume":"19","author":"Kazan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1963.tb03728.x","article-title":"Stump protection against Fomes annosus III: Inoculation with Peniophora gigantea","volume":"52","author":"Rishbeth","year":"1963","journal-title":"Ann. Appl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1071\/A98152","article-title":"Soil receptivity and host\u2013pathogen dynamics in soils naturally infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, the cause of Panama disease in bananas","volume":"50","author":"Pittaway","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust. J. Agric. Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/7\/3\/184\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:32:44Z","timestamp":1760160764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/7\/3\/184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jof7030184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof7030184","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]}}}