{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T03:59:34Z","timestamp":1775275174668,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent outbreaks of Cryptococcus gattii (CG) infections in North America have sparked renewed interest in the pathogenic potential of CG, and have underscored notable differences with Cryptococcus neoformans in terms of geographic distribution, pathogen virulence, and host susceptibility. While cases of CG are increasingly reported in patients with a wide variety of underlying conditions, only very few have been reported in patients with lymphoid neoplasms. Herein, we report a case of autochthonous CG meningitis in a patient receiving ibrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in France, and review available data on the clinical epidemiology of CG infections in patients with lymphoid neoplasms. We also summarise recent data on the host responses to CG infection, as well as the potential management pitfalls associated with its treatment in the haematological setting. The clinical epidemiology, clinical presentation, and course of disease during infections caused by CG involve complex interactions between environmental exposure to CG, infecting genotype, pathogen virulence factors, host susceptibility, and host immune responses. Future treatment guidelines should address the challenges associated with the management of antifungal treatments in the onco-haematological setting and the potential drug-drug interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7030212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T12:01:02Z","timestamp":1615896062000},"page":"212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cryptococcus gattii in Patients with Lymphoid Neoplasms: An Illustration of Evolutive Host\u2013Fungus Interactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Olivier","family":"Paccoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Paris, Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Elisabeth","family":"Bougnoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Paris, Department of Mycology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9137-0466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Desnos-Ollivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Mycology Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses &amp; Antifungals (NRCMA), Pasteur Institute, UMR2000, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Varet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Paris, Department of Hematology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lortholary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Paris, Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Molecular Mycology Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses &amp; Antifungals (NRCMA), Pasteur Institute, UMR2000, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Lanternier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Paris, Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Molecular Mycology Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses &amp; Antifungals (NRCMA), Pasteur Institute, UMR2000, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2006.07.001","article-title":"Cryptococcosis","volume":"20","author":"Chayakulkeeree","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. 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