{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:23:01Z","timestamp":1790745781125,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in intensive care unit patients is a major concern. Influenza-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and severe COVID-19 patients are both at risk of developing invasive fungal diseases. We used the new international definitions of influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) and COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) to compare the demographic, clinical, biological, and radiological aspects of IAPA and CAPA in a monocentric retrospective study. A total of 120 patients were included, 71 with influenza and 49 with COVID-19-associated ARDS. Among them, 27 fulfilled the newly published criteria of IPA: 17\/71 IAPA (23.9%) and 10\/49 CAPA (20.4%). Kaplan\u2013Meier curves showed significantly higher 90-day mortality for IPA patients overall (p = 0.032), whereas mortality did not differ between CAPA and IAPA patients. Radiological findings showed differences between IAPA and CAPA, with a higher proportion of features suggestive of IPA during IAPA. Lastly, a wide proportion of IPA patients had low plasma voriconazole concentrations with a higher delay to reach concentrations &gt; 2 mg\/L in CAPA vs. IAPA patients (p = 0.045). Severe COVID-19 and influenza patients appeared very similar in terms of prevalence of IPA and outcome. The dramatic consequences on the patients\u2019 prognosis emphasize the need for a better awareness in these particular populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7050388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T23:17:16Z","timestamp":1621207036000},"page":"388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Influenza- and COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Are the Pictures Different?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7288-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Reizine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Rennes, Maladies Infectieuses et R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dicale, F-35033 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieran","family":"Pinceaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Rennes, Maladies Infectieuses et 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F-35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0239-9900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Gacouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Rennes, Maladies Infectieuses et R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dicale, F-35033 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Luque-Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Rennes, Maladies Infectieuses et R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dicale, F-35033 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4527-0958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christelle","family":"Boglione-Kerrien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Rennes, Service de Pharmacologie, F-35033 Rennes, 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France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4974-5607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Gangneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Rennes, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, F-35033 Rennes, France"},{"name":"Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)\u2014UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008","article-title":"Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium","volume":"71","author":"Donnelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. 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