{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:15:30Z","timestamp":1760235330675,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungi associated with macroalgae are less known when compared with those on wood in the marine environment. In this study, we assessed the diversity of fungi associated with the red alga Pterocladiella capillacea at Chao-Jin Park, Keelung, Taiwan. Algal segments of healthy and dead thalli were washed\/sterilized with different solutions (sterile artificial seawater, 70% ethanol, and 4% sodium hypochlorite), plated on three different media (glucose-yeast extract-peptone seawater agar (GYPS), potato dextrose seawater agar (PDAS), and artificial seawater agar (SA)), and isolated as pure cultures. Identification was mainly based on BLAST search analysis of the internal transcribed spacers of rDNA (ITS). The highest isolation frequency (no. of segment with fungi\/total no. of segment \u00d7 100) was in dead thalli (61.23%), thalli washed with seawater (88.38%), and thalli plated on GYPS (62.10%). A total of 3187 isolates were cultured, representing 129 taxa (in 67 genera); the higher species richness was isolated from healthy thalli (119 species), thalli washed with seawater (111 species), and on GYPS (112 species). Ascomycota (Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Capnodiales, Pleosporales, Xylariales) dominated the fungal community in P. capillacea with many basidiomycetous yeasts and few Mucoromycota. Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium (Ascomycota), and Rhodosporidium (Basidiomycota) were the dominant genera associated with the alga. The surface washing\/sterilization schemes of algal thalli affected fungal diversity, but the isolation media used did not. While these genera are known producers of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, they might form a mutualistic relationship with P. capillacea by exchanging nutrients from photosynthesis for protection from microbial diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7080651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T08:35:52Z","timestamp":1628670952000},"page":"651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Culturable Fungal Community of Pterocladiella capillacea in Keelung, Taiwan: Effects of Surface Sterilization Method and Isolation Medium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9511-5876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo-Jung","family":"Cha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for the Oceans and Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7661-5560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W. L.","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5141-0697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng-Yu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for the Oceans and Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Showe-Mei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for the Oceans and Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ka-Lai","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for the Oceans and Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1915.tb07171.x","article-title":"New marine fungi on Pelvetia","volume":"14","author":"Sutherland","year":"1915","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1916.tb07201.x","article-title":"Marine fungi imperfecti","volume":"15","author":"Sutherland","year":"1916","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Hyde, K.D., and Pointing, S.B. 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