{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:28:40Z","timestamp":1790832520675,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucormycosis due to Cunninghamella spp. is a rare disease, especially in immunocompetent individuals. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a new species of Cunninghamella, causing chronic rhino-orbital-cerebral disease, and review cases of mucormycosis due to Cunninghamella spp. in immunocompetent individuals. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequence of isolate NCCPF 890012 showed 90% similarity with Cunninghamella bigelovii, while the large ribosomal subunit (28S) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) gene sequences showed 98% identity. Further, the phylogenetic analysis with concatenated sequences clustered isolate (NCCPF 890012) closely with C. bigelovii. The ITS sequence showed the maximum variation among three genes analyzed and helped in the new species\u2019 delineation. Comparison of the assembled whole genome of NCCPF 890012 with other Mucorales using 123 single-copy orthologous genes showed clustering within the genus Cunninghamella. Based on these findings, the isolate is considered to be a new species of Cunninghamella and designated as Cunninghamella arunalokei sp. nov. Despite repeated debridement and antifungal treatment, the patient had multiple recurrences with intracranial extension and succumbed to the illness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7080670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T09:58:06Z","timestamp":1629367086000},"page":"670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Cunninghamella arunalokei a New Species of Cunninghamella from India Causing Disease in an Immunocompetent Individual"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1001-7717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinaykumar","family":"Hallur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hariprasath","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology, Department of Public Health, International Higher School of Medicine, Issyk-Kul Regional Campus, Cholpon-Ata 722125, Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukund","family":"Sable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chappity","family":"Preetam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6615-7973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prashanth","family":"Purushotham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabindra","family":"Senapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamanth Adekhandi","family":"Shankarnarayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerbadyswari Deep","family":"Bag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9097-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivaprakash Mandya","family":"Rudramurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakash, H., and Chakrabarti, A. (2021). Epidemiology of Mucormycosis in India. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030523"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakash, H., and Chakrabarti, A. (2019). Global Epidemiology of Mucormycosis. J. Fungi, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010026"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"26","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports","volume":"25","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Off. Publ. Eur. Soc. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1086\/432579","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: A review of 929 reported cases","volume":"41","author":"Roden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.690107","article-title":"Increased virulence of Cunninghamella bertholletiae in experimental pulmonary mucormycosis: Correlation with circulating molecular biomarkers, sporangiospore germination and hyphal metabolism","volume":"51","author":"Petraitis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walther, G., Wagner, L., and Kurzai, O. (2019). Updates on the Taxonomy of Mucorales with an Emphasis on Clinically Important Taxa. J. Fungi, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5040106"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3767\/003158513X665070","article-title":"DNA barcoding in Mucorales: An inventory of biodiversity","volume":"30","author":"Walther","year":"2013","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu079","article-title":"DNA barcoding of clinically relevant Cunninghamella species","volume":"53","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.455.1.4","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny and morphology of Cunninghamella guizhouensis sp. nov. (Cunninghamellaceae, Mucorales), from soil in Guizhou, China","volume":"455","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytotaxa"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jillwin, J., Rudramurthy, S.M., Singh, S., Bal, A., Das, A., Radotra, B., Prakash, H., Dhaliwal, M., Kaur, H., and Ghosh, A.K. (2021). Molecular identification of pathogenic fungi in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. J. Med. Microbiol., 70.","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001282"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.024703","article-title":"PCR based identification and discrimination of agents of mucormycosis and aspergillosis in paraffin wax embedded tissue","volume":"58","author":"Bialek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, V.K., Tuohy, M.G., Ayyachamy, M., Turner, K.M., and O\u2019Donovan, A. (2013). Scanning Electron Microscopy for Fungal Sample Examination. Laboratory Protocols in Fungal Biology: Current Methods in Fungal Biology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-2356-0"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myw014","article-title":"The environmental source of emerging Apophysomyces variabilis infection in India","volume":"54","author":"Prakash","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm404","article-title":"Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0","volume":"23","author":"Larkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054","article-title":"MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets","volume":"33","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-251-9_7","article-title":"Trees from trees: Construction of phylogenetic supertrees using clann","volume":"537","author":"Creevey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: A new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Biol. A J. Comput. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"22","article-title":"Improvement in the accuracy of multiple sequence alignment program MAFFT","volume":"16","author":"Katoh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genome Inform. Int. Conf. Genome Inform."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp348","article-title":"trimAl: A tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses","volume":"25","author":"Gabaldon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu300","article-title":"IQ-TREE: A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1482","article-title":"Fatal Cunninghamella bertholletiae infection in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"97","author":"Zeilender","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2005.01154.x","article-title":"An unusual presentation of rhinofacial zygomycosis due to Cunninghamella sp. in an immunocompetent patient: A case report and literature review","volume":"12","author":"Jayasuriya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirano, T., Yamada, M., Sato, K., Murakami, K., Tamai, T., Mitsuhashi, Y., Tamada, T., Sugiura, H., Sato, N., and Saito, R. (2017). Invasive pulmonary mucormycosis: Rare presentation with pulmonary eosinophilia. BMC Pulm. Med., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-017-0419-1"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4726-9_3","article-title":"Invasive fungal infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"764","author":"Henriet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780801946577","article-title":"Gastrointestinal zygomycosis due to Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis as a manifestation of chronic granulomatous disease","volume":"46","author":"Dekkers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.64342","article-title":"Role of histopathology as an aid to prognosis in rhino-orbito-cerebral zygomycosis","volume":"53","author":"Goel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1","article-title":"The genus Cunninghamella: A reassessment","volume":"33","author":"Baijal","year":"1980","journal-title":"Sydowia"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1","article-title":"New records of the genus Cunninghamella (Mucorales) in Taiwan","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fungal Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.1980.12021236","article-title":"Studies with clinical isolates of Cunninghamella II. Physiological and morphological studies","volume":"72","author":"Weitzman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11557-015-1029-z","article-title":"Isolation of Cunninghamella bigelovii sp.nov. CGMCC 8094 as a new endophytic oleaginous fungus from Salicornia bigelovii","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycol. Prog."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/7\/8\/670\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:47:21Z","timestamp":1760165241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/7\/8\/670"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jof7080670"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof7080670","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]}}}