{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:25:29Z","timestamp":1788474329273,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010653","name":"Masarykova Univerzita","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MUNI\/IGA\/1543\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUNI\/IGA\/1543\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010653","name":"Masarykova Univerzita","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MUNI\/A\/1608\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUNI\/A\/1608\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014434","name":"Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PPI\/STE\/2020\/1\/00014\/DEC\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPI\/STE\/2020\/1\/00014\/DEC\/02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LTC20031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTC20031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Since the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, the cases of COVID-19 co-infections have been increasingly reported worldwide. Mucormycosis, an opportunistic fungal infection caused by members of the Mucorales order, had been frequently isolated in severely and critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods: Initially, the anamnestic, clinical, and paraclinical features of seven COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) cases from Egypt were thoroughly reported. Subsequently, an extensive review of the literature was carried out to describe the characteristics of CAM cases globally, aiming to explore the potential risk factors of mortality in CAM patients. Results: Out of the seven reported patients in the case series, five (71.4%) were males, six (85.7%) had diabetes mellitus, and three (42.9%) had cardiovascular disease. All patients exhibited various forms of facial deformities under the computed tomography scanning, and two of them tested positive for Mucorales using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) was prescribed to all cases, and none of them died until the end of the follow-up. On reviewing the literature, 191 cases were reported worldwide, of which 74.4% were males, 83.2% were from low-middle income countries, and 51.4% were aged 55 years old or below. Diabetes mellitus (79.1%), chronic hypertension (30%), and renal disease\/failure (13.6%) were the most common medical comorbidities, while steroids (64.5%) were the most frequently prescribed medication for COVID-19, followed by Remdesivir (18.2%), antibiotics (12.7%), and Tocilizumab (5.5%). Conclusions: As the majority of the included studies were observational studies, the obtained evidence needs to be interpreted carefully. Diabetes, steroids, and Remdesivir were not associated with increased mortality risk, thus confirming that steroids used to manage severe and critical COVID-19 patients should not be discontinued. Lung involvement, bilateral manifestation, and Rhizopus isolation were associated with increased mortality risk, thus confirming that proactive screening is imperative, especially for critically ill patients. Finally, surgical management and antimycotic medications, e.g., amphotericin B and posaconazole, were associated with decreased mortality risk, thus confirming their effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7100837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T21:23:55Z","timestamp":1633728235000},"page":"837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): Case-Series and Global Analysis of Mortality Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5918-8966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abanoub","family":"Riad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6105-4999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alshaimaa Ahmed","family":"Shabaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Fayoum 635 14, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6498-7989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Issa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Pozna\u0144 University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3199-8526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Fayoum 635 14, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3560-5918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatem","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 115 62, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yossef","family":"Mansy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Maadi Military Hospital, Cairo 117 11, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Islam","family":"Kassem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Practice, Alexandria 215 54, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4195-6036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amira Bisher","family":"Kassem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhur University, Damanhur 225 11, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"Howaldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2804-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miloslav","family":"Klugar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9174-6435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameh","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roudbary, M., Kumar, S., Kumar, A., \u010cern\u00e1kov\u00e1, L., Nikoomanesh, F., and Rodrigues, C.F. 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