{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:31:20Z","timestamp":1783607480205,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have revealed higher mortality rates in patients with severe influenza who are coinfected with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) than in those without IPA coinfection; nonetheless, the clinical impact of IPA on economic burden and risk factors for mortality in critically ill influenza patients remains undefined. The study was retrospectively conducted in three institutes. From 2016 through 2018, all adult patients with severe influenza admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) were identified. All patients were classified as group 1, patients with concomitant severe influenza and IPA; group 2, severe influenza patients without IPA; and group 3, severe influenza patients without testing for IPA. Overall, there were 201 patients enrolled, including group 1 (n = 40), group 2 (n = 50), and group 3 (n = 111). Group 1 patients had a significantly higher mortality rate (20\/40, 50%) than that of group 2 (6\/50, 12%) and group 3 (18\/11, 16.2%), p &lt; 0.001. The risk factors for IPA occurrence were solid cancer and prolonged corticosteroid use in ICU of &gt;5 days. Group 1 patients had significantly longer hospital stay and higher medical expenditure than the other two groups. The risk factors for mortality in group 1 patients included patients\u2019 Charlson comorbidity index, presenting APACHE II score, and complication of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Overall, IPA has a significant adverse impact on the outcome and economic burden of severe influenza patients, who should be promptly managed based on risk host factors for IPA occurrence and mortality risk factors for coinfection with both diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7110922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T22:21:34Z","timestamp":1635805294000},"page":"922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Impacts of Aspergillosis on Outcome, Burden and Risks for Mortality in Influenza Patients with Critical Illness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Chien-Ming","family":"Chao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dental Laboratory Technology, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan 73657, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6334-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Cheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsuan-Fu","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chiali, Tainan 72263, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5925-8477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Han","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Medical Research, Tainan 71004, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khee-Siang","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Yongkang, Tainan 71004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Chieh","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Yongkang, Tainan 71004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7183-0787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Yongkang, Tainan 71004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Liang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Yongkang, Tainan 71004, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmr.2018.01.002","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"35","author":"Blanchard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. 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