{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T22:29:05Z","timestamp":1781562545357,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal disease acquired from contaminated environments with propagules of the basidiomycetous yeasts of the Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii species complexes. The C. neoformans species complex classically comprises four major molecular types (VNI, VNII, VNIII, and VNIV), and the C. gattii species complex comprises another four (VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV) and the newly identified molecular type VGV. These major molecular types differ in their epidemiological and ecological features, clinical presentations, and therapeutic outcomes. Generally, the most common isolated types are VNI, VGI, and VGII. The epidemiological profile of cryptococcosis in domestic cats is poorly studied and cats can be the sentinels for human infections. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the molecular characterization of Cryptococcus spp. isolated from domestic cats and their dwellings in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 36 Cryptococcus spp. strains, both clinical and environmental, from 19 cats were subtyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The ploidy was identified using flow cytometry and the mating type was determined through amplification with specific pheromone primers. All strains were mating type alpha and 6\/36 were diploid (all VNII). Most isolates (63.88%) were identified as VNII, a rare molecular type, leading to the consideration that this genotype is more likely related to skin lesions, since there was a high percentage (68.75%) of cats with skin lesions, which is also considered rare. Further studies regarding the molecular epidemiology of cryptococcosis in felines are still needed to clarify the reason for the large proportion of the rare molecular type VNII causing infections in cats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7110980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T08:53:56Z","timestamp":1637225636000},"page":"980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cryptococcus neoformans VNII as the Main Cause of Cryptococcosis in Domestic Cats from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Rosani Santos","family":"Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel Cristina F\u00e1bregas","family":"Bonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7436-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabela Maria da Silva","family":"Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals (Lapclin-Dermzoo)\/INI\/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0614-4713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro Antonio","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals (Lapclin-Dermzoo)\/INI\/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Roberto Sobrinho do","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Laboratory\/National Institute Quality Control in Health (INCQS)\/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9434-3503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto Klabund","family":"Ferraris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Laboratory\/INCQS\/Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Brito-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella Dib","family":"Ferreira Gremi\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals (Lapclin-Dermzoo)\/INI\/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Trilles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802512519","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in domestic animals in Western Australia: A retrospective study from 1995\u20132006","volume":"47","author":"McGill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.006","article-title":"Cryptococcosis","volume":"30","author":"Maziarz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Dis Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2018.1562849","article-title":"Genotypic diversity and clinical outcome of cryptococcosis in renal transplant recipients in Brazil","volume":"8","author":"Ponzio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1626-2-170","article-title":"Disseminated cryptococcosis with meningitis, peritonitis, and cryptococcemia in a HIV-negative patient with cirrhosis: A case report","volume":"2","author":"Yehia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cases J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1301.060823","article-title":"Cryptococcus gattii dispersal mechanisms, British Columbia, Canada","volume":"13","author":"Kidd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04220","article-title":"Same-sex mating and the origin of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak","volume":"437","author":"Fraser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0902.020246","article-title":"IberoAmerican cryptococcal study group. molecular typing of IberoAmerican Cryptococcus neoformans isolates","volume":"9","author":"Meyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2015.02.009","article-title":"Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii\/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex","volume":"78","author":"Hagen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00357-16","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00357-16","article-title":"The case for adopting the \u201cSpecies Complex\u201d nomenclature for the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis","volume":"2","author":"Bennett","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.105.046672","article-title":"RMultilocus sequence typing reveals three genetic subpopulations of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (Serotype A), Including a Unique Population in Botswana","volume":"172","author":"Litvintseva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02306-19","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02306-19","article-title":"A new lineage of Cryptococcus gattii (VGV) discovered in the Central Zambezian miombo woodlands","volume":"10","author":"Farrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.602126","article-title":"Correlation of antifungal susceptibility and molecular type within the Cryptococcus neoformans\/C. gattii species complex","volume":"50","author":"Trilles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"12","article-title":"Genotyping of the Cryptococcus neoformans\/Cryptococcus gattii species complex","volume":"41","author":"Meyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675213","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/675213","article-title":"Global molecular epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: An atlas of the molecular types","volume":"2013","author":"Cogliati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brito-Santos, F., and Barbosa, G.G. (2015). Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus gattii VGII from indoor dust from typical wooden houses in the deep Amazonas of the Rio Negro basin. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115866"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219880000481","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from human dwellings in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: An analysis of the domestic environment of aids patients with and without cryptococcosis","volume":"36","author":"Passoni","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780310001624547","article-title":"Retrospective study of feline and canine cryptococcosis in Australia from 1981 to 2001: 195 cases","volume":"42","author":"Krockenberger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2010.00281.x","article-title":"Cryptococcosis: Update and emergence of Cryptococcus gattii","volume":"40","author":"Lester","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2017.08.010","article-title":"Fungal infections of the central nervous system in small animals: Clinical features, diagnosis, and management","volume":"48","author":"Bentley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765201520140704","article-title":"Fungal colonization of the brain: Anatomopathological aspects of neurological cryptococcosis","volume":"87","author":"Colombo","year":"2015","journal-title":"An. Acad Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2019.04.004","article-title":"Cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus gattii VGII in southeast Brazil: The one health approach revealing a possible role for domestic cats","volume":"24","author":"Reis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2018.09.003","article-title":"Isolation of Cryptococcus gattii VGIII from feline nasal injury","volume":"22","author":"Vieille","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-013-9686-4","article-title":"Feline nasal granuloma due to Cryptoccocus gattii type VGII","volume":"176","author":"Cardoso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780902953886","article-title":"Consensus multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii","volume":"47","author":"Meyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.5.2007-2009.2000","article-title":"Direct PCR of Cryptococcus neoformans MATalpha and MATa pheromones to determine mating type, ploidy, and variety: A tool for epidemiological and molecular pathogenesis studies","volume":"38","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/fgbi.2000.1192","article-title":"Diploid strains of the pathogenic basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans are thermally dimorphic","volume":"29","author":"Sia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/1567-1364.12178","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and M13 PCR fingerprinting revealed heterogeneity amongst Cryptococcus species obtained from italian veterinary isolates","volume":"14","author":"Danesi","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822013005000018","article-title":"Clinical and mycological analysis of dog\u2019s oral cavity","volume":"44","author":"Santin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780500036019","article-title":"Sub-Clinical Infection and Asymptomatic Carriage of Cryptococcus Gattii in Dogs and Cats during an Outbreak of Cryptococcosis","volume":"43","author":"Duncan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762012000400004","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans carried by Odontomachus bauri ants","volume":"107","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652006000200003","article-title":"Cryptococcus Neoformans Strains Isolated from Church Towers in Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil","volume":"48","author":"Baroni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2004.01018.x","article-title":"Detection of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii in honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies","volume":"47","author":"Ergin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13232","article-title":"Abdominal cryptococcosis in dogs and cats: 38 cases (2000\u20132018)","volume":"62","author":"Johnston","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-016-0100-x","article-title":"Intestinal lesion in a dog due to Cryptococcus gattii type VGII and review of published cases of canine gastrointestinal cryptococcosis","volume":"182","author":"Machado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1991.9694307","article-title":"Gastric granulomatous cryptococcosis mimicking gastric carcinoma in a dog","volume":"13","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03392-13","article-title":"Antifungal drug susceptibility and phylogenetic diversity among Cryptococcus isolates from dogs and cats in North America","volume":"52","author":"Singer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405-e97","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12423","article-title":"Atypical cutaneous cryptococcosis in four cats in the USA","volume":"28","author":"Myers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e170554","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760170554","article-title":"Latin American cryptococcal study group. The status of cryptococcosis in Latin America","volume":"113","author":"Firacative","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00097-08","article-title":"Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from infected animals reveal genetic exchange in unisexual, alpha mating type populations","volume":"7","author":"Bui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.218727.116","article-title":"Population genomics and the evolution of virulence in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"27","author":"Desjardins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.38.5.379.383","article-title":"Possible primary ecological niche of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"38","author":"Lazera","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kassi, F.K., and Drakulovski, P. (2019). Cryptococcus genetic diversity and mixed infections in Ivorian HIV patients: A follow up study. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007812"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00091-10","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00091-10","article-title":"Mixed infections and in vivo evolution in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"1","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.1.89-97.1998","article-title":"Microevolution of a standard strain of Cryptococcus neoformans resulting in differences in virulence and other phenotypes","volume":"66","author":"Franzot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.116.037499","article-title":"A population genomics approach to assessing the genetic basis of within-host microevolution underlying recurrent cryptococcal meningitis infection","volume":"7","author":"Rhodes","year":"2017","journal-title":"G3 (Bethesda)"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, X., and Patel, S. (2009). Diploids in the Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A population homozygous for the alpha mating type originate via unisexual mating. PLoS Pathog., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000283"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20054-4","article-title":"Multilocus Sequence Typing Reveals Both Shared and Unique Genotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans in Jiangxi Province, China","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2019.04.001","article-title":"Genotypes and Population Genetics of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes in europe and the mediterranean area","volume":"129","author":"Cogliati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrade-Silva, L.E., and Ferreira-Paim, K. (2018). Genotypic analysis of clinical and environmental Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from Brazil reveals the presence of VNB isolates and a correlation with biological factors. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193237"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira-Paim, K., and Andrade-Silva, L. (2017). MLST-based population genetic analysis in a global context reveals clonality amongst Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii VNI isolates from HIV patients in southeastern Brazil. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005223"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2016.04.001","article-title":"Molecular characterization of environmental Cryptococcus neoformans VNII isolates in jos, plateau state, Nigeria","volume":"26","author":"Nnadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-019-00376-1","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing of an uncommon Cryptococcus neoformans MLST43 genotype isolated in Nigeria","volume":"184","author":"Nnadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.708883","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing of Cryptococcus neoformans in non-hiv associated cryptococcosis in Nagasaki, Japan","volume":"51","author":"Mihara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1301.060827","article-title":"Spread of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia, Canada, and detection in the Pacific Northwest, USA","volume":"13","author":"MacDougall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrnes, E.J., Li, W., Lewit, Y., Ma, H., Voelz, K., Ren, P., Carter, D.A., Chaturvedi, V., Bildfell, R.J., and May, R.C. (2010). Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States. PLoS Pathog., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000850"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souto, A.C.P., and Bonfietti, L.X. (2016). Population genetic analysis reveals a high genetic diversity in the brazilian Cryptococcus gattii VGII Population and Shifts the Global Origin from the Amazon Rainforest to the Semi-Arid Desert in the Northeast of Brazil. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004885"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762008000500008","article-title":"Regional pattern of the molecular types of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Brazil","volume":"103","author":"Trilles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/7\/11\/980\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:32:06Z","timestamp":1760167926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/7\/11\/980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["jof7110980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof7110980","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]}}}