{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:34:23Z","timestamp":1792467263704,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades, Spain","award":["RTC-2017-6007-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTC-2017-6007-2"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101003373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101003373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for economic losses from USD 10 to 100 billion worldwide. It affects more than 1400 plant species, thus becoming one of the main threats to the agriculture systems. The application of fungicides has for years been an efficient way to control this disease. However, fungicides have negative environmental consequences that have changed popular opinion and clarified the need for more sustainable solutions. Biopesticides are products formulated based on microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) with antifungal activity through various mechanisms. This review gathers the most important mechanisms of antifungal activities and the microorganisms that possess them. Among the different modes of action, there are included the production of diffusible molecules, both antimicrobial molecules and siderophores; production of volatile organic compounds; production of hydrolytic enzymes; and other mechanisms, such as the competition and induction of systemic resistance, triggering an interaction at different levels and inhibition based on complex systems for the production of molecules and regulation of crop biology. Such a variety of mechanisms results in a powerful weapon against B. cinerea; some of them have been tested and are already used in the agricultural production with satisfactory results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7121045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T22:18:42Z","timestamp":1638829122000},"page":"1045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Mechanisms of Action of Microbial Biocontrol Agents against Botrytis cinerea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Roca-Couso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Edificio Departamental de Biolog\u00eda, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), 37185 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2200-4400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 David","family":"Flores-F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2013Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2202-1470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Edificio Departamental de Biolog\u00eda, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), 37185 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Associated Unit, University of Salamanca-CSIC (IRNASA), 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazarovits, G., Turnbull, A., and Johnston-Monje, D. 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