{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:44:10Z","timestamp":1787654650525,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI137409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI137409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000011","name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Gilliam Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Gilliam Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006792","name":"Hartwell Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Individual Biomedical Research Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Individual Biomedical Research Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spores are essential for the long-term survival of many diverse organisms, due to their roles in reproduction and stress resistance. In the environmental human fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus, basidiospores are robust cells with the ability to cause disease in animal models of infection. Here we describe methods for producing and purifying Cryptococcus basidiospores in quantities sufficient for large-scale analyses. The production of high numbers of pure spores has facilitated the development of new assays, including quantitative germination assays, and enabled transcriptomic, proteomic, and virulence studies, leading to discoveries of behaviors and properties unique to spores and spore-mediated disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8010004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T10:24:52Z","timestamp":1640168692000},"page":"4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Methods for Manipulating Cryptococcus Spores"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Anna B.","family":"Frerichs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9439-7077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4403-9519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien C.","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-002-8430-x","article-title":"Overview: Development in Bacteria: Spore Formation in Bacillus Subtilis","volume":"59","author":"Driks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell. 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