{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:27:57Z","timestamp":1787966877173,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TURSP-2020\/81"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/81"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucormycosis is considered one of the most dangerous invasive fungal diseases. In this study, a facile, green and eco-friendly method was used to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Pseudomonas indica S. Azhar, to combat fungi causing mucormycosis. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was validated by a progressive shift in the color of P. indica filtrate from colorless to brown, as well as the identification of a distinctive absorption peak at 420 nm using UV-vis spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated the existence of bioactive chemicals that are responsible for AgNP production. AgNPs with particle sizes ranging from 2.4 to 53.5 nm were discovered using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Pattern peaks corresponding to the 111, 200, 220, 311, and 222 planes, which corresponded to face-centered cubic forms of metallic silver, were also discovered using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, antifungal activity measurements of biosynthesized AgNPs against Rhizopus Microsporus, Mucor racemosus, and Syncephalastrum racemosum were carried out. Results of antifungal activity analysis revealed that the biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited outstanding antifungal activity against all tested fungi at a concentration of 400 \u00b5g\/mL, where minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 50, 50, and 100 \u00b5g\/mL toward R. microsporus, S. racemosum, and M. racemosus respectively. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs revealed antioxidant activity, where IC50 was 31 \u00b5g\/mL when compared to ascorbic acid (0.79 \u00b5g\/mL). Furthermore, the biosynthesized AgNPs showed no cytotoxicity on the Vero normal cell line. In conclusion, the biosynthesized AgNPs in this study can be used as effective antifungals with safe use, particularly for fungi causing mucormycosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8020126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T22:00:56Z","timestamp":1643320856000},"page":"126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Pseudomonas indica-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles: Antifungal and Antioxidant Biogenic Tool for Suppressing Mucormycosis Fungi"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2898-6708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salem S.","family":"Salem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2653-1542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3917-5225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Reyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4042-4022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamel A.","family":"Abd-Elsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12619, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0024-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr H.","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1257457","article-title":"New facets of antifungal therapy","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.11.019","article-title":"Antifungals","volume":"133","author":"Campoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. 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