{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:56:54Z","timestamp":1776301014855,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NIAID","award":["R01 AI50113-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI50113-17"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIAID","award":["R03 AI119617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03 AI119617"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIAID","award":["R01 AI39115-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI39115-24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection associated with high mortality, partly due to delayed diagnosis and inadequate empiric therapy. As fungal cultures often fail to grow Mucorales, identification of respective hyphae in tissue is frequently needed for diagnosis but may be challenging. We studied fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) targeting specific regions of the fungal ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of Mucorales to improve diagnosis of mucormycosis from tissue samples. We generated a probe combination specifically targeting Mucorales. Probe specificity was verified in silico and using cultivated fungi. Mucorales hyphae in tissue of a mouse model demonstrated a bright cytoplasmatic hybridization signal. In tissue samples of patients with mucormycosis, a positive signal was seen in 7 of 12 (58.3%) samples. However, autofluorescence in 3 of 7 (42.9%) samples impaired the diagnostic yield. Subsequent experiments suggested that availability of nutrients and antifungal therapy may impact on the FISH signal obtained with Mucorales hyphae. Diagnosis of mucormycosis from tissue might be improved by rRNA FISH in a limited number of cases only. FISH signals may reflect different physiological states of fungi in tissue. Further studies are needed to define the value of FISH to diagnose mucormycosis from other clinical samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8030289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T12:58:36Z","timestamp":1647003516000},"page":"289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identification of Mucormycosis by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Targeting Ribosomal RNA in Tissue Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1306-093X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jill Jasmine","family":"Dalimot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Signalling in Apicomplexan Parasites Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilka Mc Cormick","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Gerkrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3424-1091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvia","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9599-3137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver A.","family":"Cornely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Chair Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS K\u00f6ln), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7792-5947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo Chan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA"},{"name":"South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID), Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Heitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6154-4920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker","family":"Rickerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S245","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz011","article-title":"Pathogenicity patterns of mucormycosis: Epidemiology, interaction with immune cells and virulence factors","volume":"57","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30312-3","article-title":"Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: An initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium","volume":"19","author":"Cornely","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.1.18","article-title":"Sequence-based identification of microbial pathogens: A reconsideration of Koch\u2032s postulates","volume":"9","author":"Fredricks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/00019606-200206000-00009","article-title":"In situ hybridization for the identification of filamentous fungi in tissue section","volume":"11","author":"Hayden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diagn. 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Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0178420","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01784-20","article-title":"Recognition of Diagnostic Gaps for Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Diseases: Expert Opinion from the Fungal Diagnostics Laboratories Consortium (FDLC)","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/8\/3\/289\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:34:57Z","timestamp":1760135697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/8\/3\/289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jof8030289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof8030289","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]}}}