{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:08:59Z","timestamp":1782234539846,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cannabotech","award":["1163 MG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1163 MG"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Macrophages are some of the most important immune cells in the organism and are responsible for creating an inflammatory immune response in order to inhibit the passage of microscopic foreign bodies into the blood stream. Sometimes, their activation can be responsible for chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tuberculosis, hepatitis, sinusitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and viral infections. Prolonged inflammation can damage the organs or may lead to death in serious conditions. In the present study, RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 ng\/mL) and simultaneously treated with 20 \u00b5g\/mL of natural-based formulation (NBF), mushroom\u2013cannabidiol extract). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory markers were analyzed. The elevations in the presence of interleukin-6 (IL-6), cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), C-C motif ligand-5 (CCL5), and nitrite response, following exposure to LPS, were completely inhibited by NBF administration. IL-1\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) release were inhibited by 3.9-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. No toxic effect of NBF, as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, was observed. Treatment of the cells with NBF significantly increased the mRNA levels of TLR2, and TLR4, but not NF-\u03baB. Thus, it appears that the NBF possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects which can attenuate the release of pro-inflammatory markers. NBF may be a candidate for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and deserves further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8030321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T21:48:42Z","timestamp":1647899322000},"page":"321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Effect of Natural-Based Formulation (NBF) on the Response of RAW264.7 Macrophages to LPS as an In Vitro Model of Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7326-6083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheelu","family":"Monga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel"},{"name":"Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basem","family":"Fares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cannabotech Ltd., 3 Arik Einstein St., Herzliya 4659071, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rami","family":"Yashaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dov","family":"Melamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cannabotech Ltd., 3 Arik Einstein St., Herzliya 4659071, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meygal","family":"Kahana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuad","family":"Fares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9765-8938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham","family":"Weizman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva 4910002, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Gavish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-019-02719-0","article-title":"The role of polyamines in the regulation of macrophage polarization and function","volume":"52","author":"Latour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102574","article-title":"How to handle patients with autoimmune rheumatic and inflammatory bowel diseases in the COVID-19 era: An expert opinion","volume":"19","author":"Marotto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun. 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