{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T20:51:36Z","timestamp":1778187096736,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]],"date-time":"2022-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Few data are published from Morocco on fungal disease, although numerous case reports attest to a wide range of conditions in the country. Here, we estimate for the first time the incidence and prevalence of serious fungal diseases in the country. Detailed literature searches in English and French were conducted for all serious fungal infections. Demographic and individual underlying condition prevalence or annual incidence were obtained from UNAIDS (HIV), WHO (TB) and other international sources. Deterministic modelling was then applied to estimate fungal disease burden. Morocco\u2019s population in 2021 was 36,561,800. Multiple publications describe various fungal diseases, but epidemiological studies are rare. The most frequent serious fungal infections were tinea capitis (7258\/100,000) and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (2794\/100,000 females). Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is also common at a prevalence of 19,290 (53\/100,000) because of the relatively high rate of tuberculosis. The prevalence of asthma in adults exceeds one million, of whom fungal asthma (including allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)) probably affects 42,150 (115\/100,000). Data are scant on candidaemia (estimated at 5\/100,000), invasive aspergillosis (estimated at 4.1\/100,000), HIV-related complications such as cryptococcal meningitis and Pneumocystis pneumonia and mucormycosis. Fungal keratitis is estimated at 14\/100,000). Mycetoma and chromoblastomycosis are probably rare. Fungal disease is probably common in Morocco and diagnostic capacity is good in the teaching hospitals. These estimates need confirmation with methodologically robust epidemiological studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8040414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T04:21:28Z","timestamp":1650255688000},"page":"414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Estimated Incidence and Prevalence of Serious Fungal Infections in Morocco"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9163-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Badre Eddine","family":"Lmimouni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology and Medical Mycology Laboratory, Military Hospital Teaching Mohammed the Fifth, BioInova Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed the Fifth, Rabat 10100, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Hennequin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Inserm, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard O. S.","family":"Penney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Action for Fungal Infections, 1208 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5626-2251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W.","family":"Denning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Action for Fungal Infections, 1208 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy081","article-title":"Why are so many cases of invasive aspergillosis missed?","volume":"57","author":"Danion","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. 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