{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:50:28Z","timestamp":1790355028653,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005722","name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Start-up funds of SW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Start-up funds of SW"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005722","name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Travel grant to J.G."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Travel grant to J.G."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bavarian Natural History Collections","award":["SNSB innovativ to A.B."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SNSB innovativ to A.B."]}]},{"name":"Bayerische Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Kultus, Wissenschaft und Kunst","award":["BAYHOST fellowship to J.G."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BAYHOST fellowship to J.G."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungi involved in lichen symbioses produce a large array of secondary metabolites that are often diagnostic in the taxonomic delimitation of lichens. The most common lichen secondary metabolites\u2014polyketides\u2014are synthesized by polyketide synthases, particularly by Type I PKS (TI-PKS). Here, we present a comparative genomic analysis of the TI-PKS gene content of 23 lichen-forming fungal genomes from Ascomycota, including the de novo sequenced genome of Bacidia rubella. Firstly, we identify a putative atranorin cluster in B. rubella. Secondly, we provide an overview of TI-PKS gene diversity in lichen-forming fungi, and the most comprehensive Type I PKS phylogeny of lichen-forming fungi to date, including 624 sequences. We reveal a high number of biosynthetic gene clusters and examine their domain composition in the context of previously characterized genes, confirming that PKS genes outnumber known secondary substances. Moreover, two novel groups of reducing PKSs were identified. Although many PKSs remain without functional assignments, our findings highlight that genes from lichen-forming fungi represent an untapped source of novel polyketide compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8050449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T11:45:55Z","timestamp":1650973555000},"page":"449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["High Diversity of Type I Polyketide Genes in Bacidia rubella as Revealed by the Comparative Analysis of 23 Lichen Genomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3212-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia V.","family":"Gerasimova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, LMU Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Botanische Staatssammlung M\u00fcnchen, SNSB-BSM, 80638 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2875-4464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, LMU Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Botanische Staatssammlung M\u00fcnchen, SNSB-BSM, 80638 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4981-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silke","family":"Werth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, LMU Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7841-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Resl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, LMU Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0121-1","article-title":"Fungal Secondary Metabolism: Regulation, Function and Drug Discovery","volume":"17","author":"Keller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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