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Despite its limiting toxic potential, amphotericin B is the only intravenous antifungal available to treat severe sporotrichosis. We aimed to describe the effectiveness and safety of amphotericin B treatment for severe sporotrichosis. Clinical records of patients with disseminated sporotrichosis at a reference center were reviewed. This study included 73 patients. Most (53.4%) were men and non-white. HIV coinfection was the main comorbidity (52.1%). Most reported contact with cats (76.7%). Sporothrix brasiliensis was the causative species. Affected sites were skin (98.6%), osteoarticular system (64.4%), upper airway (42.5%), central nervous system (20.5%), eyes (12.3%), and lungs (8.2%). Median doses of amphotericin B used were 750 mg and 4500 mg for deoxycholate and lipid complex formulations, respectively. Amphotericin B discontinuation occurred in 20.5% due to adverse events, mainly azotemia. The outcomes included cure (52.1%), death due to sporotrichosis (21.9%), death due to other causes (9.6%), and loss to follow-up (8.2%). Survival analysis showed an association between cure and the absence of bone, upper airway, and central nervous system involvement. Amphotericin B is the first-choice treatment for disseminated sporotrichosis; however, the severity of systemic dissemination might predict its response. Favorable clinical results depend on prompt diagnosis, investigation of fungal dissemination, and early therapy initiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8050469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T06:23:08Z","timestamp":1651386188000},"page":"469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Severe Sporotrichosis Treated with Amphotericin B: A 20-Year Cohort Study in an Endemic Area of Zoonotic Transmission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Vivian","family":"Fichman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research in Infectious Dermatology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2039-2438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dayvison Francis Saraiva","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research in Infectious Dermatology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Carlos Francesconi","family":"do Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research in Infectious Dermatology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogerio Valls","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Service, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Luiz Land","family":"Curi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research in Infectious Ophthalmology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Maria","family":"Valete-Rosalino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6900-9703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscila Marques","family":"de Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research in Infectious Dermatology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9a Gina","family":"Varon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Service, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Helena Galdino","family":"Figueiredo-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7378-1990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Almeida-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosely Maria","family":"Zancop\u00e9-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel de Vasconcelos Carvalhaes","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6639-6058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Almeida-Paes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Clara","family":"Gutierrez-Galhardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research in Infectious Dermatology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Fiocruz. 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