{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:46:58Z","timestamp":1780588018959,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tocantins State Department of Science and Technology (SECT) and the Tocantins State Council for Science and Technology (CEPT)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Brazil. The disease is caused by dimorphic fungi nested within the Paracoccidioides genus. We described 106 PCM cases (47.1 cases\/year) at the Tropical Diseases Public Hospital of Tocantins State. PCM was prevalent in males and rural workers over 50 years; the chronic pulmonary form predominated in 67% of cases. The male-to-female ratio was 2.65:1, with more women affected than other endemic regions of Brazil. Urban or indoor activities were reported in women and are ascribed to disease urbanization. qPCR-based assays confirmed the identification of Paracoccidioides DNA in 37 biological specimens. Paracoccidioides sp. DNA was found in 53% of the environmental samples, suggesting autochthonous infections. Therefore, the Tocantins-Araguaia basin must be considered a novel hyperendemic area of PCM in Brazil, reinforcing the importance of including PCM as a notifiable disease, requiring specific diagnosis and health measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8050502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T21:46:53Z","timestamp":1652392013000},"page":"502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Clinical and Eco-Epidemiological Aspects of a Novel Hyperendemic Area of Paracoccidioidomycosis in the Tocantins-Araguaia Basin (Northern Brazil), Caused by Paracoccidioides sp."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Alessandra G.","family":"Krakhecke-Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tocantins Department of Public Health, Palmas 77015-007, TO, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2687-5836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle H.","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexsandra","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tocantins Department of Public Health, Palmas 77015-007, TO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herdson R.","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia, Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6100-3534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans G.","family":"Garces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim L.","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Bras\u00edlia 70904-130, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio O. S.","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Federal University of Tocantins, Aragua\u00edna 77402-970, TO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Sueli S.","family":"Felipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70790-160, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Bagagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Heitor F.","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1763-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus de M.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia, Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher, M.C., Gurr, S.J., Cuomo, C.A., Blehert, D.S., Jin, H., Stukenbrock, E.H., Stajich, J.E., Kahmann, R., Boone, C., and Denning, D.W. 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