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304902\/2020-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sporotrichosis is the most important subcutaneous mycosis that affects humans and animals worldwide. The mycosis is caused after a traumatic inoculation of fungal propagules into the host and may follow an animal or environmental transmission route. The main culprits of sporotrichosis are thermodimorphic Sporothrix species embedded in a clinical clade, including S.\u00a0brasiliensis, S.\u00a0schenckii, S.\u00a0globosa, and S. luriei. Although sporotrichosis occurs worldwide, the etiological agents are not evenly distributed, as exemplified by ongoing outbreaks in Brazil and China, caused by S.\u00a0brasiliensis and S.\u00a0globosa, respectively. The gold standard for diagnosing sporotrichosis has been the isolation of the fungus in vitro. However, with the advance in molecular techniques, molecular assays have complemented and gradually replaced the classical mycological tests to quickly and accurately detect and\/or differentiate molecular siblings in Sporothrix. Nearly all techniques available for molecular diagnosis of sporotrichosis involve PCR amplification, which is currently moving towards detecting Sporothrix DNA directly from clinical samples in multiplex qPCR assays. From an epidemiological perspective, genotyping is key to tracing back sources of Sporothrix infections, detecting diversity in outbreak areas, and thus uncovering finer-scale epidemiological patterns. Over the past decades, molecular epidemiological studies have provided essential information to policymakers regarding outbreak management. From high-to-low throughput genotyping methods, MLSA, AFLP, SSR, RAPD, PCR-RFLP, and WGS are available to assess the transmission dynamics and sporotrichosis expansion. This review discusses the trends in the molecular diagnosis of sporotrichosis, genotyping techniques applied in molecular epidemiological studies, and perspectives for the near future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T02:06:42Z","timestamp":1659319602000},"page":"809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Trends in Molecular Diagnostics and Genotyping Tools Applied for Emerging Sporothrix Species"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jamile Ambr\u00f3sio","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruan Campos","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5622-1916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferry","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoilo Pires de","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023062, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0891-4563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson Messias","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023062, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-020-00425-0","article-title":"The threat of emerging and re-emerging pathogenic Sporothrix species","volume":"185","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"286","article-title":"On refractory subcutaneous abscesses caused by a fungus possibly related to the Sporotricha","volume":"9","author":"Schenck","year":"1898","journal-title":"Bull. 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