{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:28:17Z","timestamp":1792430897441,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Histoplasmosis has been previously diagnosed in animals from Europe. The aim of this study is to review the literature on these reports, to analyze cases diagnosed at our laboratory (2000\u20132022) and to improve molecular typing of Histoplasma capsulatum directly from tissue to study the molecular epidemiology of Histoplasma capsulatum causing animal infections in Europe. Including 15 cases studied in our laboratory, we identified 39 cases of animal histoplasmosis between 1968 and 2022. They were diagnosed mostly in superficial tissue biopsies from cats and badgers from Central Europe. Using phylogenetic analyses of six partial genes, we were able to classify eight of the etiological agents as belonging to a highly supported lineage within the Eurasian clade. This study confirms the occurrence of autochthonous histoplasmosis in animals in Central Europe and proposes the addition of new loci to the MLST scheme to study the molecular epidemiology of histoplasmosis using either formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and fresh or cadaveric biopsies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T02:42:53Z","timestamp":1660099373000},"page":"833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Animal Histoplasmosis in Europe: Review of the Literature and Molecular Typing of the Etiological Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5466-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dunja","family":"Wilmes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Cryptococcosis and Uncommon Invasive Fungal Infections, Division for Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VetMed Labor GmbH\u2013Division of IDEXX Laboratories, 70806 Kornwestheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9184-4134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Wohlsein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Suntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Institute for Chemical and Veterinary Analysis Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Gerkrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Cryptococcosis and Uncommon Invasive Fungal Infections, Division for Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1035-3849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg, Fb III-1 Pathologie, Bakteriologie, Fleischhygiene, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Holst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Staatliches Tier\u00e4rztliches Untersuchungsamt Aulendorf-Diagnostikzentrum, 88326 Aulendorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolf","family":"von Bomhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fachpraxis f\u00fcr Tierpathologie, 80689 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6154-4920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker","family":"Rickerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Cryptococcosis and Uncommon Invasive Fungal Infections, Division for Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-015-0044-0","article-title":"Histoplasmosis infections worldwide: Thinking outside of the Ohio River valley","volume":"2","author":"Bahr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Trop. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oladele, R.O., Ayanlowo, O.O., Richardson, M.D., and Denning, D.W. (2018). Histoplasmosis in Africa: An emerging or a neglected disease?. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006046"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02098476","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis in an AIDS patient in Spain","volume":"12","author":"Alados","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01708242","article-title":"A case of fatal disseminated histoplasmosis of autochthonous origin in an Italian AIDS patient","volume":"16","author":"Antinori","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antinori, S., Giacomelli, A., Corbellino, M., Torre, A., Schiuma, M., Casalini, G., Parravicini, C., Milazzo, L., Gervasoni, C., and Ridolfo, A.L. (2021). Histoplasmosis Diagnosed in Europe and Israel: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature from 2005 to 2020. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7060481"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780701591481","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in Europe: Report on an epidemiological survey from the European Confederation of Medical Mycology Working Group","volume":"46","author":"Ashbee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"459","article-title":"[Disseminated histoplasmosis and idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia. An autochthonous Italian case]","volume":"24","author":"Confalonieri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"3823","article-title":"Two additional cases of histoplasmosis as observed in Bologna Medical Clinic","volume":"48","author":"Corbelli","year":"1957","journal-title":"Minerva Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540050165901","article-title":"Imported and autochthonous histoplasmosis in Bergamo province, Northern Italy","volume":"32","author":"Farina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"93","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in an HIV-negative Italian man with mycosis fungoides","volume":"34","author":"Gandola","year":"1992","journal-title":"Panminerva Med."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"421","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in Europe","volume":"52","author":"Mantovani","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann. Soc. Belg Med. Trop"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2703.191831","article-title":"Autochthonous Case of Pulmonary Histoplasmosis, Switzerland","volume":"27","author":"Schmiedel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect. Dis"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4996.786","article-title":"Histoplasmosis contracted in Britain: A case of histoplasmic lymphadenitis following clinical recovery from sarcoidosis","volume":"2","author":"Symmers","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S1130-1406(05)70034-6","article-title":"Imported and autochthonous histoplasmosis in Italy: New cases and old problems","volume":"22","author":"Farina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1126\/science.147.3658.624.a","article-title":"Histoplasma capsulatum: Occurence in soil from the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy","volume":"147","author":"Sotgiu","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1966.tb05188.x","article-title":"First Romanian isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from the soil","volume":"5","author":"Alteras","year":"1966","journal-title":"Dermatol. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0214","article-title":"Detection of Histoplasma capsulatum in Organic Fertilizers by Hc100 Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction and Its Correlation with the Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of the Samples","volume":"98","author":"Gomez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.1985.12025187","article-title":"Histoplasma capsulatum Variety Farciminosum: A New Combination for Histoplasma farciminosum","volume":"77","author":"Weeks","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.653-663.1999","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships of varieties and geographical groups of the human pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum Darling","volume":"37","author":"Kasuga","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2003.01995.x","article-title":"Phylogeography of the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum","volume":"12","author":"Kasuga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teixeira Mde, M., Patane, J.S., Taylor, M.L., Gomez, B.L., Theodoro, R.C., de Hoog, S., Engelthaler, D.M., Zancope-Oliveira, R.M., Felipe, M.S., and Barker, B.M. (2016). Worldwide Phylogenetic Distributions and Population Dynamics of the Genus Histoplasma. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004732"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sepulveda, V.E., Marquez, R., Turissini, D.A., Goldman, W.E., and Matute, D.R. (2017). Genome Sequences Reveal Cryptic Speciation in the Human Pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. MBio, 8.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01339-17"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.733430","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing of Histoplasma capsulatum in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from cats living in non-endemic regions reveals a new phylogenetic clade","volume":"51","author":"Hurst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.723831","article-title":"Detection and characterization of Histoplasma capsulatum in a German badger (Meles meles) by ITS sequencing and multilocus sequencing analysis","volume":"51","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu082","article-title":"Molecular identification of fungal pathogens in nodular skin lesions of cats","volume":"53","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780601186069","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of canine histoplasmosis in Japan","volume":"45","author":"Murata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.05.001","article-title":"PRP8 intein in cryptic species of Histoplasma capsulatum: Evolution and phylogeny","volume":"18","author":"Theodoro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement","volume":"62","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Donnelly, J.P., Chen, S.C., Kauffman, C.A., Steinbach, W.J., Baddley, J.W., Verweij, P.E., Clancy, C.J., Wingard, J.R., Lockhart, S.R., and Groll, A.H. (2019). Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilmes, D., McCormick-Smith, I., Lempp, C., Mayer, U., Schulze, A.B., Theegarten, D., Hartmann, S., and Rickerts, V. (2020). Detection of Histoplasma DNA from Tissue Blocks by a Specific and a Broad-Range Real-Time PCR: Tools to Elucidate the Epidemiology of Histoplasmosis. J. Fungi, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040319"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.10.010","article-title":"Detection of Histoplasma capsulatum DNA in human samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction","volume":"66","author":"Simon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rickerts, V., Khot, P.D., Myerson, D., Ko, D.L., Lambrecht, E., and Fredricks, D.N. (2011). Comparison of quantitative real time PCR with Sequencing and ribosomal RNA-FISH for the identification of fungi in formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. BMC Infect. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-202"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.09.112","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of the lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (ERG11) gene in Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"324","author":"Revankar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl133","article-title":"Activity of newer triazoles against Histoplasma capsulatum from patients with AIDS who failed fluconazole","volume":"57","author":"Wheat","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D898","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab929","article-title":"VEuPathDB: The eukaryotic pathogen, vector and host bioinformatics resource center","volume":"50","author":"Amos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","article-title":"MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput","volume":"32","author":"Edgar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.8.754","article-title":"MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees","volume":"17","author":"Huelsenbeck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"451","article-title":"Spro\u00dfpilze als Ursache von Hautgranulomen beim Dachs in S\u00fcddeutschland","volume":"47","author":"Rapp","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztl. Umschau"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"273","article-title":"[Histoplasmosis in two badgers (Meles meles) in northern Germany]","volume":"108","author":"Wohlsein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2010.01886.x","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis in a European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in Northern Germany","volume":"54","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2003.00286.x","article-title":"Keratitis due to Histoplasma spp. in a horse","volume":"6","author":"Richter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"794","article-title":"Mycoses in a badger in Switzerland: Histologically histoplasmosis","volume":"24","author":"Burgisser","year":"1961","journal-title":"Pathol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akdesir, E., Origgi, F.C., Wimmershoff, J., Frey, J., Frey, C.F., and Ryser-Degiorgis, M.P. (2018). Causes of mortality and morbidity in free-ranging mustelids in Switzerland: Necropsy data from over 50 years of general health surveillance. BMC Vet. Res., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1494-0"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12077","article-title":"A case in Europe of feline histoplasmosis apparently limited to the skin","volume":"24","author":"Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/00362176885190291","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in Italy. I. Isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from dogs in the province of Bologna","volume":"6","author":"Mantovani","year":"1968","journal-title":"Sabouraudia"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.02.024","article-title":"Extradural spinal cord lesion in a dog: First case study of canine neurological histoplasmosis in Italy","volume":"170","author":"Reginato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2010.00866.x","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis in a cat in Europe","volume":"51","author":"Mavropoulou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"493","article-title":"Blastomicosi spontanea nei muridi","volume":"14","author":"Sangiorgi","year":"1922","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"968","article-title":"[Histoplasmosis in laboratory mouse]","volume":"97","author":"Sinkovics","year":"1956","journal-title":"Orv. Hetil."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1992.tb03970.x","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis in a badger (Meles meles) in Denmark","volume":"100","author":"Jensen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Apmis"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.38.3.249.253","article-title":"Granulomatous skin lesions due to histoplasmosis in a badger (Meles meles) in Austria","volume":"38","author":"Bauder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"152","article-title":"[Disseminated histoplasmosis in a dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas neglecta) kept in captivity conditions in Spain]","volume":"26","author":"Farinas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam Micol."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"880","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in a Cat","volume":"116","author":"Akun","year":"1950","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1111340","article-title":"Zur Frage des Vorkommens von Histoplasmose in Europa","volume":"90","author":"Salfelder","year":"1965","journal-title":"Dtsch Med. Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(97)80115-6","article-title":"Pathological and epidemiological aspects of skin lesions in histoplasmosis: Observations in an AIDS patient and badgers outside endemic areas of histoplasmosis","volume":"285","author":"Grosse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Zentralbl. Bakteriol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vite-Gar\u00edn, T., Estrada-B\u00e1rcenas, D.A., Gernandt, D.S., Reyes-Montes, M.D.R., Sahaza, J.H., Canteros, C.E., Ram\u00edrez, J.A., Rodr\u00edguez-Arellanes, G., Serra-Damasceno, L., and Zancop\u00e9-Oliveira, R.M. (2021). Histoplasma capsulatum Isolated from Tadarida brasiliensis Bats Captured in Mexico Form a Sister Group to North American Class 2 Clade. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7070529"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8901","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503159112","article-title":"Clonal reproduction in fungi","volume":"112","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1309\/MH5B-GAQ2-KY19-FT7P","article-title":"Comparison of staining methods and a nested PCR assay to detect Histoplasma capsulatum in tissue sections","volume":"117","author":"Bialek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1644-1647.2002","article-title":"Evaluation of two nested PCR assays for detection of Histoplasma capsulatum DNA in human tissue","volume":"40","author":"Bialek","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.18.3.1186","article-title":"Epizootic lymphangitis in horses: A review of the literature","volume":"18","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.06.003","article-title":"Epizootic lymphangitis: The impact on subsistence economies and animal welfare","volume":"172","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.05081021","article-title":"Upper lobe infiltrate with cough, fever, fatigue","volume":"5","author":"Biglino","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01719668","article-title":"Histoplasmosis capsulati in Italy: Autochthonous or imported?","volume":"10","author":"Confalonieri","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosam, K., Monk, B.C., and Lackner, M. (2020). Sterol 14\u03b1-Demethylase Ligand-Binding Pocket-Mediated Acquired and Intrinsic Azole Resistance in Fungal Pathogens. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7010001"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2009.11.002","article-title":"[Endemic fungal pathogens in a rural setting of Argentina: Seroepidemiological study in dogs]","volume":"27","author":"Canteros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam Micol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.05.007","article-title":"Serological evidence of Histoplasma capsulatum infection among dogs with leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"119","author":"Cordeiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16006","article-title":"Evaluation of a novel monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay for detection of Histoplasma antigen in urine of dogs","volume":"35","author":"Clark","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/8\/8\/833\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:06:27Z","timestamp":1760141187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/8\/8\/833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jof8080833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof8080833","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]}}}