{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:02:25Z","timestamp":1783422145923,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32070007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070007"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","award":["32070007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biofilm-associated Candida albicans infections, the leading cause of invasive candidiasis, can cause high mortality rates in immunocompromised patients. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a promising approach for controlling infections caused by biofilm-associated C. albicans. This study shows the effect of Elsinochrome A (EA) against different stages of C. albicans biofilms in vitro by XTT reduction assay and crystal violet staining. The mechanism of action of EA on C. albicans biofilm was analyzed with flow cytometry, confocal laser microscopy, and the Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). EA-mediated PACT significantly reduced the viability of C. albicans, with an inhibition rate on biofilm of 89.38% under a concentration of 32 \u03bcg\/mL EA. We found that EA could not only inhibit the adhesion of C. albicans in the early stage of biofilm formation, but that it also had good effects on pre-formed mature biofilms with a clearance rate of 35.16%. It was observed that EA-mediated PACT promotes the production of a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. albicans and down-regulates the intracellular expression of oxidative-stress-related genes, which further disrupted the permeability of cell membranes, leading to mitochondrial and nuclear damage. These results indicate that EA has good photodynamic antagonizing activity against the C. albicans biofilm, and potential clinical value.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T21:15:05Z","timestamp":1660252505000},"page":"841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Inhibitory Effects and Mechanism of Action of Elsinochrome A on Candida albicans and Its Biofilm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lili","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuzhen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuanglin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450122666210719124143","article-title":"Antimycotic Drugs and their Mechanisms of Resistance to Candida Species","volume":"23","author":"Dahiya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. 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