{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T23:06:13Z","timestamp":1779923173574,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1-AI-132140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1-AI-132140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UO1-AI-122275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UO1-AI-122275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The majority of human coccidioidomycosis infections are asymptomatic or self-limited but may have sequestered spherules in highly structured granulomas. Under immunosuppression, reactivation of fungal growth can result in severe disease. B6D2F1 mice asymptomatically infected with C. posadasii strain 1038 were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone (DXM) in drinking water. Treated mice died 16\u201325 days later, while untreated mice survived (p &lt; 0.001). Flow cytometry of lung granulomas on days 5, 10, 15, and 20 of DXM treatment showed immune cell populations decreased 0.5\u20131 log compared with untreated mice though neutrophils and CD19+IgD\u2212IgM\u2212 cells rebounded by day 20. Histopathology demonstrated loss of granuloma structure by day 5 and increasing spherules through day 20. On day 20, T-cells were nearly absent and disorganized pyogranulomatous lesions included sheets of plasma cells and innumerable spherules. Mice given DXM for 14 days then stopped (DXM stop) survived 6 weeks (9\/10). Lung fungal burdens were significantly lower (p = 0.0447) than mice that continued treatment (DXM cont) but higher than untreated mice. Histopathologically, DXM stop mice did not redevelop controlled granulomas by sacrifice, though T-cells were densely scattered throughout the lesions. This demonstrates a mouse model suitable for further study to understand the immunologic components responsible for maintenance control of coccidioidomycosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8100991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T01:47:06Z","timestamp":1663811226000},"page":"991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Reactivation of Coccidioidomycosis in a Mouse Model of Asymptomatic Controlled Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lisa F.","family":"Shubitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona, 1656 E Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona, 1656 E Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, 1656 E Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon M.","family":"Dial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, 1580 E Hanley Blvd, Oro Valley, AZ 85737, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine D.","family":"Butkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona, 1656 E Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hien T.","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona, 1656 E Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6841-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy P.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, Building 10, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1067-4618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Buntzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona, 1656 E Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"},{"name":"BIO5, University of Arizona, 1657 E Helen St., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Frelinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona, 1656 E Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7882-1883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John N.","family":"Galgiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona, 1656 E Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. 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