{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:33:18Z","timestamp":1778776398108,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) under the Institute Research Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungal pathogens are a major constraint affecting the quality of pomegranate production around the world. Among them, Alternaria and Colletotrichum species cause leaf spot, fruit spot or heart rot (black rot), and fruit rot (anthracnose) or calyx end rot, respectively. Accurate identification of disease-causing fungal species is essential for developing suitable management practices. Therefore, characterization of Alternaria and Colletotrichum isolates representing different geographical regions, predominantly Maharashtra\u2014the Indian hub of pomegranate production and export\u2014was carried out. Fungal isolates could not be identified based on morphological characteristics alone, hence were subjected to multi-gene phylogeny for their accurate identification. Based on a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree, Alternaria isolates were identified as within the A. alternata species complex and as A. burnsii, while Colletotrichum isolates showed genetic closeness to various species within the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Thus, the current study reports for the first time that, in India, the fruit rots of pomegranate are caused by multiple species and not a single species of Alternaria and Colletotrichum alone. Since different species have different epidemiology and sensitivity toward the commercially available and routinely applied fungicides, the precise knowledge of the diverse species infecting pomegranate, as provided by the current study, is the first step towards devising better management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8101040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T01:43:11Z","timestamp":1665279791000},"page":"1040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characterization of Alternaria and Colletotrichum Species Associated with Pomegranate (Punica\u00a0granatum L.) in Maharashtra State of India"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3599-5779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanjundappa","family":"Manjunatha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4546-5138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jyotsana","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Somnath S.","family":"Pokhare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1930-7577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruchi","family":"Agarrwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prakash G.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaydip D.","family":"Sirsat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mansi G.","family":"Chakranarayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aarti","family":"Bicchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anmol S.","family":"Ukale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajiv A.","family":"Marathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-04-17-0133-R","article-title":"Evaluation of a pomegranate peel extract as an alternative means to control olive anthracnose","volume":"107","author":"Pangallo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belgacem, I., Pangallo, S., Abdelfattah, A., Romeo, F.V., Cacciola, S.O., Li Destri Nicosia, M.G., Ballistreri, G., and Schena, L. 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