{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:51:25Z","timestamp":1790830285253,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Research Fund, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University","award":["100\/2564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100\/2564"]}]},{"name":"The Research Fund, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University","award":["GSCMU(NRCT)\/047\/2564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSCMU(NRCT)\/047\/2564"]}]},{"name":"The National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), Thailand","award":["100\/2564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100\/2564"]}]},{"name":"The National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT), Thailand","award":["GSCMU(NRCT)\/047\/2564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSCMU(NRCT)\/047\/2564"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Siderophores are compounds with low molecular weight with a high affinity and specificity for ferric iron, which is produced by bacteria and fungi. Fungal siderophores have been characterized and their feasibility for clinical applications has been investigated. Fungi may be limited in slow growth and low siderophore production; however, they have advantages of high diversity and affinity. Hence, the purpose of this study was to generate a genetically modified strain in Talaromyces marneffei that enhanced siderophore production and to identify the characteristics of siderophore to guide its medical application. SreA is a transcription factor that negatively controls iron acquisition mechanisms. Therefore, we deleted the sreA gene to enhance the siderophore production and found that the null mutant of sreA (\u0394sreA) produced a high amount of extracellular siderophores. The produced siderophore was characterized using HPLC-MS, HPLC-DAD, FTIR, and 1H- and 13C-NMR techniques and identified as a coprogen B. The compound showed a powerful iron-binding activity and could reduce labile iron pool levels in iron-loaded hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh7) cells. In addition, the coprogen B showed no toxicity to the Huh7 cells, demonstrating its potential to serve as an ideal iron chelator. Moreover, it inhibits the growth of Candida albicans and Escherichia coli in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, we have generated the siderophore-enhancing strain of T. marneffei, and the coprogen B isolated from this strain could be useful in the development of a new iron-chelating agent or other medical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8111183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T01:48:08Z","timestamp":1668044888000},"page":"1183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Genetic Engineering of Talaromyces marneffei to Enhance Siderophore Production and Preliminary Testing for Medical Application Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Artid","family":"Amsri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5706-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somdet","family":"Srichairatanakool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aphiwat","family":"Teerawutgulrag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirida","family":"Youngchim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4822-5850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monsicha","family":"Pongpom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"230","article-title":"Medical applications of siderophores\u2013a review","volume":"8","author":"Nagoba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.11.2610","article-title":"Species selectivity of new siderophore-drug conjugates that use specific iron uptake for entry into bacteria","volume":"40","author":"Diarra","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2017.05.010","article-title":"67Ga-labeled deferoxamine derivatives for imaging bacterial infection: Preparation and screening of functionalized siderophore complexes","volume":"52","author":"Ioppolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02157712","article-title":"On iron-containing growth factors, sideramines, and their antagonists, the iron-containing antibiotics, sideromycins","volume":"16","author":"Bickel","year":"1960","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/63746","article-title":"Total antioxidant capacity in Mediterranean beta-thalassemic patients","volume":"26","author":"Tsamesidis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"645","article-title":"Combined versus monotherapy or concurrent therapy for treatment of thalassaemia","volume":"28","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vivo"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982791","article-title":"Iron toxicity and chelation therapy","volume":"76","author":"Britton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"153","article-title":"Ocular and auditory toxicity of long-term, high-dose subcutaneous deferoxamine therapy","volume":"20","author":"Orton","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can. J. Ophthal."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000031","article-title":"Iron chelation: An update","volume":"21","author":"Sheth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13489","article-title":"Differentially regulated high-affinity iron assimilation systems support growth of the various cell types in the dimorphic pathogen Talaromyces Marneffei","volume":"102","author":"Pasricha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2020.118885","article-title":"Fungal iron homeostasis with a focus on Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"1868","author":"Misslinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schrettl, M., Bignell, E., Kragl, C., Sabiha, Y., Loss, O., Eisendle, M., Wallner, A., Arst Jr, H.N., Haynes, K., and Haas, H. (2007). Distinct roles for intra-and extracellular siderophores during Aspergillus fumigatus infection. PLoS Pathog., 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030128"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06376.x","article-title":"SreA-mediated iron regulation in Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"70","author":"Schrettl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-013-9672-9","article-title":"Role of a GATA-type transcriptional repressor Sre1 in regulation of siderophore biosynthesis in the marine-derived Aureobasidium pullulans HN6. 2","volume":"26","author":"Chi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2020.103384","article-title":"The siderophore repressor SreA maintains growth, hydrogen peroxide resistance, and cell wall integrity in the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata","volume":"139","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2012.08.003","article-title":"Tools for high efficiency genetic manipulation of the human pathogen Penicillium marneffei","volume":"49","author":"Bugeja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/157.3.1003","article-title":"An STE12 homolog from the asexual, dimorphic fungus Penicillium marneffei complements the defect in sexual development of an Aspergillus nidulans steA mutant","volume":"157","author":"Borneman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90612-9","article-title":"Universal chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophores","volume":"160","author":"Schwyn","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6396","article-title":"A chemically characterized ethanolic extract of Thai Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton fruits (nutlets) reduces oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in human hepatoma (HuH7) cells","volume":"33","author":"Paradee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carroll, C.S., Amankwa, L.N., Pinto, L.J., Fuller, J.D., and Moore, M.M. (2016). Detection of a serum siderophore by LC-MS\/MS as a potential biomarker of invasive aspergillosis. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155451"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20491","article-title":"Flow cytometry measurement of the labile iron pool in human hematopoietic cells","volume":"73","author":"Prus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytom. A"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2007.01.006","article-title":"Microtitre plate-based antibacterial assay incorporating resazurin as an indicator of cell growth, and its application in the in vitro antibacterial screening of phytochemicals","volume":"42","author":"Sarker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01128012","article-title":"High-performance liquid chromatography of siderophores from fungi","volume":"1","author":"Huschka","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biol. Met."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2008.05.008","article-title":"Production, purification and chemical characterization of the catecholate siderophore from potent probiotic strains of Bacillus spp","volume":"100","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-010-0769-7","article-title":"Chemical and structural characterization of hydroxamate siderophore produced by marine Vibrio harveyi","volume":"38","author":"Murugappan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2006-5-626","article-title":"Siderophores produced by Magnaporthe grisea in the presence and absence of iron","volume":"61","author":"Antelo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Z. F\u00fcr Nat. C"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01116195","article-title":"Siderophores of highly phytopathogenic Alternaria longipes","volume":"2","author":"Jalal","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biol. Met."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11245-7","article-title":"Discovery and genetic identification of amphiphilic coprogen siderophores from Trichoderm hypoxylon","volume":"105","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotech."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"243","article-title":"A new iron (III) chelator of coprogen-type siderophore from the deep-sea-derived fungus Mycosphaerella sp. SCSIO z059","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2020.129670","article-title":"Characterization of two siderophores produced by Bacillus megaterium: A preliminary investigation into their potential as therapeutic agents","volume":"1864","author":"Chuljerm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.6.1741-1745.2002","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of deferiprone versus deferoxamine on growth and virulence of Yersinia enterocolitica","volume":"46","author":"Lesic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.4.2","article-title":"The evolution of iron chelators for the treatment of iron overload disease and cancer","volume":"57","author":"Kalinowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39245","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA02603F","article-title":"Bacterial siderophore mimicking iron complexes as DNA targeting antimicrobials","volume":"6","author":"Boda","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02586.x","article-title":"SREA is involved in regulation of siderophore biosynthesis, utilization and uptake in Aspergillus nidulans","volume":"41","author":"Oberegger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mole. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.7.1742","article-title":"The distal GATA sequences of the sid1 promoter of Ustilago maydis mediate iron repression of siderophore production and interact directly with Urbs1, a GATA family transcription factor","volume":"16","author":"An","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4613","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.8.4613","article-title":"The Aspergillus nidulans GATA factor SREA is involved in regulation of siderophore biosynthesis and control of iron uptake","volume":"274","author":"Haas","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22950","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202682200","article-title":"Fep1, an iron sensor regulating iron transporter gene expression in Schizosaccharomyces pombe","volume":"277","author":"Pelletier","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11525","DOI":"10.1039\/D0SC03627G","article-title":"Fungal siderophore biosynthesis catalysed by an iterative nonribosomal peptide synthetase","volume":"11","author":"Hai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1039\/b906679a","article-title":"Chemistry and biology of siderophores","volume":"27","author":"Hider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NP00071D","article-title":"Fungal siderophore metabolism with a focus on Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"31","author":"Haas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02062","article-title":"Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters in the human pathogenic fungus Scedosporium apiospermum","volume":"10","author":"Papon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4948","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00250a031","article-title":"Structure and conformation of two coprogen-type siderophores. Neocoprogen I and neocoprogen II","volume":"109","author":"Hossain","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"94","article-title":"Cellular and extracellular siderophores of Aspergillus nidulans and Penicillium chrysogenum","volume":"1","author":"Charlang","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02873590","article-title":"Penicillin V production by Penicillium chrysogenum in the presence of Fe3+ and in low-iron culture medium","volume":"46","author":"Leiter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12021","article-title":"A nonribosomal peptide synthetase mediates siderophore production and virulence in the citrus fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60468-7","article-title":"Alternaria alternata uses two siderophore systems for iron acquisition","volume":"10","author":"Fischer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/elu026","article-title":"Genome mining and functional genomics for siderophore production in Aspergillus niger","volume":"13","author":"Franken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brief. Funct. Genom."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.35.3.990-996.1982","article-title":"Identification of coprogen B and its breakdown products from Histoplasma capsulatum","volume":"35","author":"Burt","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00342a027","article-title":"Coordination chemistry of microbial iron transport compounds. 24. Characterization of coprogen and ferricrocin, two ferric hydroxamate siderophores","volume":"105","author":"Wong","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112791","article-title":"Hydroxamate siderophores: Natural occurrence, chemical synthesis, iron binding affinity and use as trojan horses against pathogens","volume":"208","author":"Beatriz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6029","article-title":"Towards high-siderophore-content foods: Optimisation of coprogen production in submerged cultures of Penicillium nalgiovense","volume":"93","author":"Emri","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1515\/bmc-2017-0016","article-title":"Biotechnology of siderophores in high-impact scientific fields","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomol. Concepts"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700467","article-title":"Fungal siderophores function as protective agents of LDL oxidation and are promising anti-atherosclerotic metabolites in functional food","volume":"52","author":"Jeney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"239","article-title":"A review on iron chelators in treatment of iron overload syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Mobarra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol. Oncol. Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V106.11.824.824","article-title":"Deferasirox (Exjade\u00ae, ICL670): A journey into labile iron centers of living cardiomyocytes","volume":"106","author":"Cabantchik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0460","article-title":"Intracellular labile iron pools as direct targets of iron chelators: A fluorescence study of chelator action in living cells","volume":"106","author":"Glickstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2011.03.001","article-title":"Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease","volume":"283","author":"Jomova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2015.04.005","article-title":"Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of iron chelators","volume":"2","author":"Adjimani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.3.457-462.2000","article-title":"Conjugation of hydroxyethyl starch to desferrioxamine (DFO) modulates the dual role of DFO in Yersinia enterocolitica infection","volume":"7","author":"Schubert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Diag. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5419","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01197-12","article-title":"Antibacterial activities of iron chelators against common nosocomial pathogens","volume":"56","author":"Thompson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.06.012","article-title":"Synergy and antagonism between iron chelators and antifungal drugs in Cryptococcus","volume":"48","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S148602","article-title":"Activity of siderophores against drug-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria","volume":"11","author":"Gokarn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00028","article-title":"Iron\u2014A Key Nexus in the Virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"3","author":"Haas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfister, J., Petrik, M., Bendova, K., Matuszczak, B., Binder, U., Misslinger, M., K\u00fchbacher, A., Gsaller, F., Haas, H., and Decristoforo, C. (2021). Antifungal siderophore conjugates for theranostic applications in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis using low-molecular TAFC scaffolds. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.04.19.440472"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.072462","article-title":"68Ga-siderophores for PET imaging of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: Proof of principle","volume":"51","author":"Petrik","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-013-0654-7","article-title":"68Ga-triacetylfusarinine C and 68Ga-ferrioxamine E for Aspergillus infection imaging: Uptake specificity in various microorganisms","volume":"16","author":"Petrik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04948-y","article-title":"68Ga-labelled desferrioxamine-B for bacterial infection imaging","volume":"48","author":"Petrik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/8\/11\/1183\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:13:30Z","timestamp":1760145210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/8\/11\/1183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["jof8111183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof8111183","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]}}}