{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:13:33Z","timestamp":1762078413863,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of COVID-19 on the risk and prognosis of cryptococcosis is unclear. We compared the characteristics and outcomes of cryptococcosis in patients with and without COVID-19. Patients 18 years and older with cryptococcosis were identified from TriNetX and separated into two cohorts based on a diagnosis of COVID-19 within 3 months of the index diagnosis of cryptococcosis. Differences examined between groups included comorbidities, immunosuppressive medications, ED visits, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, mechanical ventilation, and deaths. The propensity score matching was performed based on demographics and comorbidities. Of the 6998 patients with cryptococcosis included, 4.4% (n = 306) had COVID-19 prior to cryptococcosis. Mortality was higher in patients with COVID-19 compared to those without COVID-19 (14% vs. 11%, p = 0.032). Additionally, those with COVID-19 were older (55.2 \u00b1 14.4 vs. 51.9 \u00b1 15.2 years, p &lt; 0.001) with higher rates of transplant (29% vs. 13%, p &lt; 0.001), neoplastic disease (37% vs. 21%, p &lt; 0.001), chronic kidney disease (42% vs. 18%, p &lt; 0.001), or diabetes (35% vs. 19%, p &lt; 0.001) but not HIV (30% vs. 31%, p = 0.618). Glucocorticoid use was more common in those with COVID-19 (52% vs. 27%, p &lt; 0.001). More patients with COVID-19 required ED visits (29% vs. 23%, p = 0.025) and ICU admission (18% vs. 11%, p &lt; 0.001). After propensity score matching, patients with COVID-19 had higher rates of neoplastic disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and glucocorticoid use but did not experience worse outcomes compared to those without COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 who developed cryptococcosis had independently higher rates of comorbidities and glucocorticoid use but similar outcomes, including death, versus those without COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8111234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T02:59:22Z","timestamp":1669085962000},"page":"1234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characteristics and Outcomes of Cryptococcosis among Patients with and without COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4018-0195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Chastain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Albany, GA 31701, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3330-808X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian","family":"Vargas Barahona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5184-1537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittany T.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Mount Sinai Morningside, New York, NY 10025, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahand","family":"Golpayegany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Albany, GA 31701, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8757-643X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Franco-Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico, Federico G\u00f3mez, M\u00e9xico City 06720, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8518-5750","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"III","given":"George R.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-8652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s F.","family":"Henao-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30243-8","article-title":"Global burden of disease of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: An updated analysis","volume":"17","author":"Rajasingham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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