{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T23:04:24Z","timestamp":1787871864190,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recent European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) 2020 consensus classification proposes criteria to define coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), including mycological evidence obtained via non-bronchoscopic lavage. Given the low specificity of radiological findings in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, this criterion makes it difficult to differentiate between invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and colonization. This unicenter and retrospective study includes 240 patients with isolates of any Aspergillus species in any respiratory samples during a 20-month study (140 IPA and 100 colonization). Mortality was high in the IPA and colonization groups (37.1% and 34.0%, respectively; p = 0.61), especially in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, where mortality was higher in colonized patients (40.7% vs. 66.6.%; p: 0.021). Multivariate analysis confirmed the following variables to be independently associated with increased mortality: age &gt; 65 years, acute or chronic renal failure at diagnosis, thrombocytopenia (&lt;100,000 platelets\/\u00b5L) at admission, inotrope requirement, and SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not the presence of IPA. This series shows that the isolation of Aspergillus spp. in respiratory samples, whether associated with disease criteria or not, is associated with high mortality, especially in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and suggests an early initiation of treatment given its high mortality rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9020130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T05:40:02Z","timestamp":1673934002000},"page":"130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6959-5263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Fort\u00fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"IRYCIS: Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8466-4239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Infanta Cristina, 28981 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elia G\u00f3mez-Garc\u00eda","family":"de la Pedrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRYCIS: Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Microbiology Department, Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cruz","family":"Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRYCIS: Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pesta\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRYCIS: Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Anaesthesia and Reanimation Department, Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6730-5066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRYCIS: Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Pathology Department, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de C\u00e1ncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2969-3002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRYCIS: Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"},{"name":"Hematology Department, Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"IRYCIS: Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"COVID-19 TEAM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30847-1","article-title":"Defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: The 2020 ECMM\/ISHAM consensus criteria for research and clinical guidance","volume":"21","author":"Koehler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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