{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:35:54Z","timestamp":1792805754474,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ANID. PAI Project","award":["77190079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["77190079"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello","award":["77190079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["77190079"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qq57711","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sporotrichosis is an implantation mycosis with subcutaneo-lymphatic or, more rarely, a viscerally disseminated affection; it can be acquired through traumatic percutaneous inoculation of the fungus present in soil or plant matter, or by feline scratching. Among the causative agents, Sporothrix brasiliensis is considered the most virulent species with a high prevalence in Brazil and recently in Argentina. Objective: To describe a S. brasiliensis outbreak in domestic and feral cats detected in the Magallanes region of southern Chile. Materials and Methods: Between the months of July and September 2022, three cats presented with suppurative subcutaneous lesions located mainly on the head and thoracic limbs. The cytology revealed the presence of yeasts with morphological characteristics suggestive of Sporothrix spp. The histopathology confirmed pyogranulomatous subcutaneous lesions associated with the presence of the same yeasts. The fungal culture followed by the partial gene sequence and analysis of the ITS region confirmed the diagnosis of the S. brasiliensis as the causative agent. The cats were treated with itraconazole associated in one case with potassium iodide. The evolution of the patients was favorable in all cases. Conclusions: An outbreak caused by S. brasiliensis was detected in domestic and feral cats in austral Chile. The correct identification of this fungus and antifungigram is essential for treatment decisions and for designing dissemination control and prevention programs under a one health approach that consider the health of people, animals, and the environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9020226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T01:37:07Z","timestamp":1675906627000},"page":"226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Sporotrichosis Outbreak Due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Domestic Cats in Magallanes, Chile: A One-Health-Approach Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Pamela","family":"Thomson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica y Microbioma, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370134, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7639-0434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Anatom\u00eda e Histopatolog\u00eda, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370134, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Histopatolog\u00eda, CITOVET, \u00d1u\u00f1oa, Santiago 7750538, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Blank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Veterinaria Timaukel, Punta Arenas 6210648, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Veterinaria Timaukel, Punta Arenas 6210648, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila del","family":"R\u00edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica y Microbioma, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370134, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Santib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica y Microbioma, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370134, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Pena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Veterinaria Timaukel, Punta Arenas 6210648, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu062","article-title":"Global epidemiology of sporotrichosis","volume":"53","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"PAHO (2022, November 15). Sporothrix brasiliensis, an Emerging Fungal Pathogen, Notable for Its Zoonotic Transmission and Epidemic Potential for Human and Animal Health in the Americas. Available online: https:\/\/www.someve.com.ar\/images\/noticias\/2019\/S-brasiliensis_lasAmericas_30082019_ES.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Sizar, O., and Talati, R. (2022). Sporotrichosis, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fichman, V., Freitas, D.F.S., Valle, A.C.F.D., de Souza, R.V., Curi, A.L.L., Valete-Rosalino, C.M., de Macedo, P.M., Varon, A.G., Figueiredo-Carvalho, M.H.G., and Almeida-Silva, F. (2022). Severe Sporotrichosis Treated with Amphotericin B: A 20-Year Cohort Study in an Endemic Area of Zoonotic Transmission. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8050469"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-010-9274-9","article-title":"Ribosomal DNA Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of Environmental Sporothrix schenckii Strains: Comparison with Clinical Isolates","volume":"169","author":"Criseo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Oliveira Bento, A., de Sena Costa, A.S., Lima, S.L., do Monte Alves, M., de Azevedo Melo, A.S., Rodrigues, A.M., da Silva-Rocha, W.P., Milan, E.P., and Chaves, G.M. (2021). The spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil towards the Northeast region. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009693"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mora-Montes, H.M. (2022). Special Issue \u201cSporothrix and Sporotrichosis 2.0\u201d. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080821"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes-Bezerra, L.M., Walker, L.A., Nino-Vega, G., Mora-Montes, H.M., Neves, G.W.P., Villalobos-Duno, H., Barreto, L., Garcia, K., Franco, B., and Mart\u00ednez-\u00c1lvarez, J.A. (2018). Cell walls of the dimorphic fungal pathogens Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis exhibit bilaminate structures and sloughing of extensive and intact layers. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006169"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749074","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.749074","article-title":"Complement-Mediated Differential Immune Response of Human Macrophages to Sporothrix Species Through Interaction with Their Cell Wall Peptidorhamnomannans","volume":"12","author":"Neves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726958","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.726958","article-title":"Comparison of Cell Wall Polysaccharide Composition and Structure Between Strains of Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"12","author":"Barreto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gow, N.A.R., and Lenardon, M.D. (2022). Architecture of the dynamic fungal cell wall. Nat. Rev. Genet., Epub ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00796-9"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894297","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.894297","article-title":"Environmental Isolation of Sporothrix brasiliensis in an Area with Recurrent Feline Sporotrichosis Cases","volume":"12","author":"Rabello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-022-00642-9","article-title":"A Spotlight on Sporothrix and Sporotrichosis","volume":"187","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.01087.x","article-title":"Sporotrichosis","volume":"27","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camacho, E., Le\u00f3n-Navarro, I., Rodr\u00edguez-Brito, S., Mendoza, M., and Ni\u00f1o-Vega, G.A. (2015). Molecular epidemiology of human sporotrichosis in Venezuela reveals high frequency of Sporothrix globosa. BMC Infect. Dis., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0839-6"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-010-9276-7","article-title":"Sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix globosa in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil: Case report","volume":"169","author":"Galhardo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx043","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibility of Sporothrix schenckii complex biofilms","volume":"56","author":"Brilhante","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12760","article-title":"Molecular identification and susceptibility profile of Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato isolated in Argentina","volume":"61","author":"Isla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy126","article-title":"Identification of multiple species and subpopulations among Australian clinical Sporothrix isolates using whole genome sequencing","volume":"57","author":"New","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-020-00306-0","article-title":"Geographical distribution and ecological niche modeling of the etiological agents of human sporotrichosis in Venezuela","volume":"52","author":"Barreto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104670","article-title":"Biofilm formation on cat claws by Sporothrix species: An ex vivo model","volume":"150","author":"Brilhante","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Carnero, L.C., and Mart\u00ednez-\u00c1lvarez, J.A. (2022). Virulence Factors of Sporothrix schenckii. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8030318"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Castro, R., Pinto-Almaz\u00e1n, R., Arenas, R., S\u00e1nchez-C\u00e1rdenas, C.D., Espinosa-Hern\u00e1ndez, V.M., Sierra-Maeda, K.Y., Conde-Cuevas, E., Ju\u00e1rez-Dur\u00e1n, E.R., Xicohtencatl-Cortes, J., and Carrillo-Casas, E.M. (2022). Epidemiology of clinical sporotrichosis in the Americas in the last ten years. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8060588"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S362099","article-title":"Biological and clinical attributes of Sporothrix globosa, a causative agent of sporotrichosis","volume":"15","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3852\/07-157R","article-title":"Taxonomy and phylogeny of new wood- and soil-inhabiting Sporothrix species in the Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenckii complex","volume":"100","author":"Summerbell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez-Soto, M.C., Aguilar-Ancori, E.G., Tirado-S\u00e1nchez, A., and Bonifaz, A. (2018). Ecological Determinants of Sporotrichosis Etiological Agents. J. Fungi, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030095"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2019.07.008","article-title":"Sporothrix humicola (Ascomycota: Ophiostomatales)\u2014A soil-borne fungus with pathogenic potential in the eastern quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus)","volume":"25","author":"Nesseler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-020-00425-0","article-title":"The threat of emerging and re-emerging pathogenic Sporothrix species","volume":"185","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1500055","article-title":"Morphological and physiological comparison of taxa comprising the Sporothrix schenckii complex","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. B"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2174\/1874437000903010048","article-title":"Characteristics of 151 Brazilian Sporothrix schenckii isolates from 5 different geographic regions of Brazil: A forgotten and re-emergent pathogen","volume":"3","author":"Fernandes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Open Mycol. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sasaki, A.A., Fernandes, G.F., Rodrigues, A.M., Lima, F.M., Marini, M.M., dos S. Feitosa, L., de Melo Teixeira, M., Felipe, M.S.S., da Silveira, J.F., and de Camargo, Z.P. (2014). Chromosomal polymorphism in the Sporothrix schenckii complex. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086819"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, A.M., de Melo Teixeira, M., De Hoog, G.S., Schubach, T.M.P., Pereira, S.A., Fernandes, G.F., Bezerra, L.M.L., Felipe, M.S., and De Camargo, Z.P. (2013). Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a High Prevalence of Sporothrix brasiliensis in Feline Sporotrichosis Outbreaks. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002281"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02824.x","article-title":"Different virulence levels of the species of Sporothrix in a murine model","volume":"15","author":"Capilla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.23112","article-title":"Characterization of virulence profile, protein secretion and immunogenicity of different Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto isolates compared with S. globose and S. brasiliensis species","volume":"4","author":"Fernandes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy048","article-title":"The importance of Toll-like receptor 4 during experimental Sporothrix brasiliensis infection","volume":"57","author":"Rossato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corr\u00eaa-Moreira, D., Menezes, R.C., Romeo, O., Borba, C.M., and Oliveira, M.M.E. (2021). Clinical and Anatomopathological Evaluation of BALB\/c Murine Models Infected with Isolates of Seven Pathogenic Sporothrix Species. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10121647"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.1623","article-title":"Evaluation of an epidemic of sporotrichosis in cats: 347 cases (1998\u20132001)","volume":"224","author":"Schubach","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etchecopaz, A., Toscanini, M., Gisbert, A., Mas, J., Scarpa, M., Iovannitti, C., Bendez\u00fa, K., Nusblat, A., Iachini, R., and Cuestas, M. (2021). Sporothrix brasiliensis: A Review of an Emerging South American Fungal Pathogen, Its Related Disease, Presentation and Spread in Argentina. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7030170"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gremi\u00e3o, I.D.F., Miranda, L.H.M., Reis, E.G., Rodrigues, A.M., and Pereira, S.A. (2017). Zoonotic Epidemic of Sporotrichosis: Cat to Human Transmission. PLoS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006077"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa083","article-title":"Sporothrix brasiliensis on cats with skin ulcers in Southern Brazil","volume":"59","author":"Spanamberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16377","article-title":"First three cases of cat-associated zoonotic cutaneous sporotrichosis in Colombia","volume":"61","author":"Gallo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dos Santos, G.M.P., Borba-Santos, L.P., Vila, T., Gremi\u00e3o, I.D.F., Pereira, S.A., De Souza, W., and Rozental, S. (2022). Sporothrix spp. Biofilms Impact in the Zoonotic Transmission Route: Feline Claws Associated Biofilms, Itraconazole Tolerance, and Potential Repurposing for Miltefosine. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11020206"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"myac079","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myac079","article-title":"Spread of Sporothrix spp. through respiratory droplets from infected cats: A potential route of transmission","volume":"60","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossow, J.A., Queiroz-Telles, F., Caceres, D.H., Beer, K.D., Jackson, B.R., Pereira, J.G., Ferreira Gremi\u00e3o, I.D., and Pereira, S.A. (2020). A One Health Approach to Combatting Sporothrix brasiliensis: Narrative Review of an Emerging Zoonotic Fungal Pathogen in South America. J. Fungi, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040247"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-021-00611-8","article-title":"Sporotrichosis After Tattooing Caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"187","author":"Fichman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"100140","article-title":"Global distribution of animal sporotrichosis: A systematic review of Sporothrix sp. identified using molecular tools","volume":"3","author":"Morgado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Microb. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-020-00274-5","article-title":"Feline sporotrichosis in Asia","volume":"52","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2020.11.014","article-title":"Epidemiological and geographical distribution profile of urban sporotrichosis in the city of S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"97","author":"Veasey","year":"2022","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida-Silva, F., Rabello, V.B.S., Scramignon-Costa, B.S., Zancop\u00e9-Oliveira, R.M., de Macedo, P.M., and Almeida-Paes, R. (2022). Beyond Domestic Cats: Environmental Detection of Sporothrix brasiliensis DNA in a Hyperendemic Area of Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8060604"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boechat, J.S., Oliveira, M.M.E., Gremi\u00e3o, I.D.F., Almeida-Paes, R., Machado, A.C.S., Zancop\u00e9-Oliveira, R.M., Oliveira, R.V.C., Morgado, D.S., Corr\u00eaa, M.L., and Figueiredo, A.B.F. (2022). Sporothrix brasiliensis and Feline Sporotrichosis in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1998\u20132018). J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8070749"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2022.101335","article-title":"Dog-transmitted ocular sporotrichosis","volume":"33","author":"Neto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"100129","article-title":"Trends in the molecular epidemiology and population genetics of emerging Sporothrix species","volume":"100","author":"Beale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stud. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Miranda, L.H.M., Meli, M., Concei\u00e7\u00e3o-Silva, F., Novacco, M., Menezes, R.C., Pereira, S.A., Sugiarto, S., Dos Reis, \u00c9.G., Gremi\u00e3o, I.D.F., and Hofmann-Lehmann, R. (2018). Co-infection with feline retrovirus is related to changes in immunological parameters of cats with sporotrichosis. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207644"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Queiroz-Telles, F., Buccheri, R., and Benard, G. (2019). Sporotrichosis in Immunocompromised Hosts. J. Fungi, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010008"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu061","article-title":"Feline sporotrichosis: Epidemiological and clinical aspects","volume":"53","author":"Menezes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760170407","article-title":"Feline sporotrichosis: Associations between clinical-epidemiological profiles and phenotypic-genotypic characteristics of the etiological agents in the Rio de Janeiro epizootic area","volume":"113","author":"Boechat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2018.12.003","article-title":"Cutaneous sporotrichosis in a stray cat from Thailand","volume":"23","author":"Duangkaew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4162-11743","article-title":"Direct PCR of lesions suggestive of sporotrichosis in felines","volume":"72","author":"Gonsales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-019-00347-6","article-title":"High-Virulence Cat-Transmitted Ocular Sporotrichosis","volume":"184","author":"Cavalcante","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12865","article-title":"Primary conjunctival sporotrichosis in three cats from Northeastern Brazil","volume":"24","author":"Spinelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freitas, H.M., da Rocha, R.C.B., de Farias, M.R., Moore, B.A., and Montiani-Ferreira, F. (2022). Ocular lesions in cats diagnosed with systemic sporotrichosis. Vet. Ophthalmol., ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13019"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"e004821","article-title":"Intranasal clotrimazole spray 1% associated with oral itraconazole for nasal feline sporotrichosis: A case series","volume":"44","author":"Santi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Med. Vet."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"199","article-title":"Feline Sporotrichosis","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Seyedmousavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerging and Epizootic Fungal Infections in Animals"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2703.202863","article-title":"Implementation of an Animal Sporotrichosis Surveillance and Control Program, Southeastern Brazil","volume":"27","author":"Moreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu050","article-title":"Amphotericin B, alone or followed by itraconazole therapy, is effective in the control of experimental disseminated sporotrichosis by Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"53","author":"Ishida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01057-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01057-17","article-title":"Multicenter, International Study of MIC\/MEC Distributions for Definition of Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Sporothrix Species Identified by Molecular Methods","volume":"61","author":"Abreu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9074","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27447-5","article-title":"Clinical features, fungal load, coinfections, histological skin changes, and itraconazole treatment response of cats with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"8","author":"Borba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-021-09795-2","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological aspects of feline sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis and in vitro antifungal susceptibility","volume":"45","author":"Marques","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2022.05.002","article-title":"Advances and challenges in the management of feline sporotrichosis","volume":"39","author":"Menezes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Micol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e248418","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-248418","article-title":"Zoonotic acquisition of cutaneous Sporothrix braziliensis infection in the UK","volume":"15","author":"Rachman","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arenas, R., S\u00e1nchez-Cardenas, C.D., Ramirez-Hobak, L., Arriaga, L.F.R., and Memije, M.E.V. (2018). Sporotrichosis: From KOH to Molecular Biology. J. Fungi, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4020062"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00808-07","article-title":"Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. mexicana, Three New Sporothrix Species of Clinical Interest","volume":"45","author":"Marimon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"100128","article-title":"Molecular and phenotypic reidentification of Sporothrix schenckii clinical isolates preserved under mineral oil for 34 to 64 years in a culture collection in Brazil","volume":"3","author":"Barreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Microb. Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1300136","article-title":"Molecular identification of Sporothrix clinical isolates in China","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. B"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00081-06","article-title":"Molecular Phylogeny of Sporothrix schenckii","volume":"44","author":"Marimon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simyco.2016.07.001","article-title":"The divorce of Sporothrix and Ophiostoma: Solution to a problematic relationship","volume":"83","author":"Duong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stud. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Carvalho, J.A., Monteiro, R.C., Hagen, F., de Camargo, Z.P., and Rodrigues, A.M. (2022). Trends in Molecular Diagnostics and Genotyping Tools Applied for Emerging Sporothrix Species. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080809"},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"(2008). CLSI Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi 2008 Approved Standard\u2014Second Edition (Standard No. CLSI standard M38)."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00255-11","article-title":"Antifungal Susceptibilities of Sporothrix albicans, S. brasiliensis, and S. luriei of the S. schenckii Complex Identified in Brazil","volume":"49","author":"Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2020.103397","article-title":"Coinfection of domestic felines by distinct Sporothrix brasiliensis in the Brazilian sporotrichosis hyperendemic area","volume":"140","author":"Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fungal Genet Biol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montenegro, H., Rodrigues, A.M., Dias, M.A.G., Da Silva, E.A., Bernardi, F., and De Camargo, Z.P. (2014). Feline sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis: An emerging animal infection in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. BMC Vet. Res., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0269-5"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2603.190803","article-title":"Geographic Expansion of Sporotrichosis, Brazil","volume":"26","author":"Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.166.10.290","article-title":"Response to azolic antifungal agents for treating feline sporotrichosis","volume":"166","author":"Pereira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-011-9437-3","article-title":"Phenotypic and Molecular Identification of Sporothrix Isolates from an Epidemic Area of Sporotrichosis in Brazil","volume":"172","author":"Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"1","article-title":"Retrospective assessment of the treatment of sporotrichosis in cats and dogs using itraconazole","volume":"41","author":"Rossi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Vet."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Miranda, L.H.M., Silva, J.N., Gremi\u00e3o, I.D.F., Menezes, R.C., Almeida-Paes, R., Dos Reis, G., Oliveira, R.D.V.C.D., De Araujo, D.S.D.A., Ferreiro, L., and Pereira, S.A. (2018). Monitoring Fungal Burden and Viability of Sporothrix spp. in Skin Lesions of Cats for Predicting Antifungal Treatment Response. J. Fungi, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030092"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760160527","article-title":"Minimal inhibitory concentration distributions and epidemiological cutoff values of five antifungal agents against Sporothrix brasiliensis","volume":"112","author":"Machado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12852","article-title":"Refractory feline sporotrichosis treated with itraconazole combined with potassium iodide","volume":"59","author":"Schubach","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00109218","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311x00109218","article-title":"Hospitaliza\u00e7\u00f5es e \u00f3bitos relacionados \u00e0 esporotricose no Brasil (1992\u20132015) [Hospitalizations and deaths related to sporotrichosis in Brazil (1992\u20132015)]","volume":"35","author":"Campos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cad. Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myw027","article-title":"Association of itraconazole and potassium iodide in the treatment of feline sporotrichosis: A prospective study","volume":"54","author":"Reis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, A.M., Gon\u00e7alves, S.S., de Carvalho, J.A., Borba-Santos, L.P., Rozental, S., and de Camargo, Z.P. (2022). Current Progress on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sporotrichosis and Their Future Trends. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080776"},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Zoonotic sporotrichosis: Biosafety procedures","volume":"40","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Vet."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.02.031","article-title":"Neglected fungal zoonoses: Hidden threats to man and animals","volume":"21","author":"Seyedmousavi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/9\/2\/226\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:27:46Z","timestamp":1760120866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/9\/2\/226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jof9020226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof9020226","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]}}}