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In this context, the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungal species belonging to the Scedosporium\/Lomentospora genera are widespread, multidrug-resistant, emergent, opportunistic pathogens that are usually co-isolated in patients with cystic fibrosis. The available literature reports that P. aeruginosa can inhibit the in vitro growth of Scedosporium\/Lomentospora species; however, the complex mechanisms behind this phenomenon are mostly unknown. In the present work, we have explored the inhibitory effect of bioactive molecules secreted by P. aeruginosa (3 mucoid and 3 non-mucoid strains) on S. apiospermum (n = 6 strains), S. minutisporum (n = 3), S. aurantiacum (n = 6) and L. prolificans (n = 6) under cultivation in a cystic fibrosis mimic environment. It is relevant to highlight that all bacterial and fungal strains used in the present study were recovered from cystic fibrosis patients. The growth of Scedosporium\/Lomentospora species was negatively affected by the direct interaction with either mucoid or non-mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa. Moreover, the fungal growth was inhibited by the conditioned supernatants obtained from bacteria-fungi co-cultivations and by the conditioned supernatants from the bacterial pure cultures. The interaction with fungal cells induced the production of pyoverdine and pyochelin, 2 well-known siderophores, in 4\/6 clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. The inhibitory effects of these four bacterial strains and their secreted molecules on fungal cells were partially reduced with the addition of 5-flucytosine, a classical repressor of pyoverdine and pyochelin production. In sum, our results demonstrated that distinct clinical strains of P. aeruginosa can behave differently towards Scedosporium\/Lomentospora species, even when isolated from the same cystic fibrosis patient. Additionally, the production of siderophores by P. aeruginosa was induced when co-cultivated with Scedosporium\/Lomentospora species, indicating competition for iron and deprivation of this essential nutrient, leading to fungal growth inhibition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9050502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T03:04:08Z","timestamp":1682305448000},"page":"502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Scedosporium\/Lomentospora Species Induce the Production of Siderophores by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Cystic Fibrosis Mimic Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5820-2241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tha\u00eds P.","family":"Mello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es (IMPG), Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iuri C.","family":"Barcellos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es (IMPG), Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Federal de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Maracan\u00e3, Rio de Janeiro 20270-021, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9073-2886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Lackner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Sch\u00f6pfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9752-8148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta H.","family":"Branquinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es (IMPG), Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Rede Micologia RJ\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0821-8592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 L. S.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es (IMPG), Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Rede Micologia RJ\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-016-0268-z","article-title":"Pathogenesis of fungal infections in cystic fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Fungal Infect. 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