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Several complications, including meningeal forms, can be observed in immunocompromised individuals. The sporotrichosis diagnosis is time-consuming due to the culture\u2019s limitations. The low fungal burden in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples is another important drawback in the diagnosis of meningeal sporotrichosis. Molecular and immunological tests can improve the detection of Sporothrix spp. in clinical specimens. Therefore, the following five non-culture-based methods were evaluated for the detection of Sporothrix spp. in 30 CSF samples: (i) species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR); (ii) nested PCR; (iii) quantitative PCR; (iv) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG detection; and (v) ELISA for IgM detection. The species-specific PCR was unsuccessful in the diagnosis of the meningeal sporotrichosis. The other four methods presented substantial levels of sensitivity (78.6% to 92.9%) and specificity (75% to 100%) for the indirect detection of Sporothrix spp. Both DNA-based methods presented similar accuracy (84.6%). Both ELISA methods were concomitantly positive only for patients with sporotrichosis and clinical signs of meningitis. We suggest that these methods should be implemented in clinical practice to detect Sporothrix spp. in CSF early, which may optimize treatment, augment the chances of a cure, and improve the prognosis of affected individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9050535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:12:11Z","timestamp":1682943131000},"page":"535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluation of Five Non-Culture-Based Methods for the Diagnosis of Meningeal Sporotrichosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7378-1990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Almeida-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5581-631X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos de Abreu","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Brito de Souza","family":"Rabello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosely Maria","family":"Zancop\u00e9-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian Cristiane","family":"Baeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas e Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paran\u00e1, Cascavel 85819-110, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5561-999X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiane da Cruz","family":"Lamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o M\u00e9dico, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica em Neuroinfec\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6900-9703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscila Marques","family":"de Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7906-8275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Clara","family":"Gutierrez-Galhardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6639-6058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Almeida-Paes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2039-2438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dayvison Francis Saraiva","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-018-1152-2","article-title":"Neuroinfections caused by fungi","volume":"46","author":"Blaszkowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-022-00441-1","article-title":"Updates on histoplasmosis in solid organ transplantation","volume":"16","author":"Saullo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. 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