{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:18:52Z","timestamp":1792009132621,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health","award":["AI001123-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI001123-01"]}]},{"name":"Intramural Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health","award":["AI001124-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI001124-01"]}]},{"name":"Intramural Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health","award":["U01 AI109657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI109657"]}]},{"name":"Matinas Biopharma","award":["AI001123-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI001123-01"]}]},{"name":"Matinas Biopharma","award":["AI001124-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI001124-01"]}]},{"name":"Matinas Biopharma","award":["U01 AI109657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI109657"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: A clearer understanding is needed about the use of brain MRI in non-HIV patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Methods: Cerebral CT and MRI were studied in 62 patients in a multicenter study of cryptococcal meningitis in non-HIV patients. CT was performed in 51 and MRI in 44. MRI results are reported for the images read at NIH for 29 of the 44 patients. CT reports obtained from the original REDCap database were added to calculate the incidence of normal findings. Results: CTs were read as normal in 24 of 51 (47%), MRIs were normal in 10% (three of 29). The most characteristic lesions of cryptococcal meningitis on MRI were small basal ganglia lesions representing dilated perivascular spaces in 24% and basal ganglia lesions with restricted diffusion (infarcts) in 38%. In the 18 patients who received contrast, contrast-enhancing lesions, likely representing masses of cryptococci and inflammatory cells, were found in the basal ganglia in 22% and elsewhere in the brain in 22%. Meningeal enhancement was seen in 56%, ependymal enhancement in 24%, and choroid plexus enhancement in 11%. Hydrocephalus was found in five (18%), though increased intacranial pressure was not detected. Suboptimal imaging (n = 6), lack of contrast administration (n = 11) and lack of follow-up, however, markedly limited the accurate assessment of abnormalities in multiple cases. Conclusion: MRI characteristics of non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis include hydrocephalus, meningeal and ependymal enhancement and basal ganglia lesions. Optimal imaging is, however, necessary to maximize the diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of MRI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9050594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T10:08:55Z","timestamp":1684490935000},"page":"594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Neuroimaging of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Patients without Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Data from a Multi-Center Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3082-0340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seher H.","family":"Anjum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1257-098X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John E.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieren A.","family":"Marr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dima A.","family":"Hammoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease Imaging (CIDI), Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Cryptococcal infections in non-HIV-infected patients","volume":"124","author":"Pappas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trans. 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