{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:27:53Z","timestamp":1789586873719,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Universidades e Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["GIC IT-1607-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GIC IT-1607-22"]}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Universidades e Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["PID2020-117983RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-117983RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["GIC IT-1607-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GIC IT-1607-22"]}]},{"name":"the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PID2020-117983RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-117983RB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen responsible for hospital outbreaks of invasive candidiasis associated with high mortality. The treatment of these mycoses is a clinical challenge due to the high resistance levels of this species to current antifungal drugs, and alternative therapeutic strategies are needed. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activities of combinations of citral with anidulafungin, amphotericin B or fluconazole against 19 C. auris isolates. The antifungal effect of citral was in most cases similar to the effect of the antifungal drugs in monotherapy. The best combination results were obtained with anidulafungin, with synergistic and additive interactions against 7 and 11 of the 19 isolates, respectively. The combination of 0.06 \u03bcg\/mL anidulafungin and 64 \u03bcg\/mL citral showed the best results, with a survival rate of 63.2% in Caenorhabditis elegans infected with C. auris UPV 17-279. The combination of fluconazole with citral reduced the MIC of fluconazole from &gt; 64 to 1\u20134 \u03bcg\/mL against 12 isolates, and a combination of 2 \u03bcg\/mL fluconazole and 64 \u03bcg\/mL citral was also effective in reducing mortality in C. elegans. Amphotericin B combined with citral, although effective in vitro, did not improve the activity of each compound in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9060648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T13:42:06Z","timestamp":1686058926000},"page":"648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Citral in Combination with Amphotericin B, Anidulafungin and Fluconazole against Candida auris Isolates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"de-la-Fuente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Guridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8738-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nerea","family":"Jauregizar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9043-9265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Eraso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0438-2248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Quind\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Sevillano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-018-0014-1","article-title":"The continuous changes in the aetiology and epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: From familiar Candida albicans to multiresistant Candida auris","volume":"21","author":"Mateo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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