{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:51:26Z","timestamp":1790686286782,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":252,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucormycosis is an uncommon, yet deadly invasive fungal infection caused by the Mucorales moulds. These pathogens are a WHO-assigned high-priority pathogen group, as mucormycosis incidence is increasing, and there is unacceptably high mortality with current antifungal therapies. Current diagnostic methods have inadequate sensitivity and specificity and may have issues with accessibility or turnaround time. Patients with diabetes mellitus and immune compromise are predisposed to infection with these environmental fungi, but COVID-19 has established itself as a new risk factor. Mucorales also cause healthcare-associated outbreaks, and clusters associated with natural disasters have also been identified. Robust epidemiological surveillance into burden of disease, at-risk populations, and emerging pathogens is required. Emerging serological and molecular techniques may offer a faster route to diagnosis, while newly developed antifungal agents show promise in preliminary studies. Equitable access to these emerging diagnostic techniques and antifungal therapies will be key in identifying and treating mucormycosis, as delayed initiation of therapy is associated with higher mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9060659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T02:56:34Z","timestamp":1686624994000},"page":"659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Epidemiology, Modern Diagnostics, and the Management of Mucorales Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0953-4063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9756-2813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annaleise R.","family":"Howard-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology\u2014Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Sparks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology\u2014Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8834-892X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varsha","family":"Sivalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology\u2014Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0301-7110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catriona L.","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology\u2014Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1978-1559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Beardsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon C.-A.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology\u2014Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2170, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1086\/432579","article-title":"Epidemiology and Outcome of Zygomycosis: A Review of 929 Reported Cases","volume":"41","author":"Roden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. 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