{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:23:28Z","timestamp":1792103008093,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic caused &gt;6 million deaths worldwide, often from respiratory failure. Complications frequently occurred in hospitalized patients, particularly in the intensive care unit. Among these, fungal infections were a cause of high morbidity and mortality. Invasive aspergillosis, candidiasis and mucormycosis were the most serious of these infections. Risk factors included alterations in immune defense mechanisms by COVID-19 itself, as well as immunosuppression due to various therapies utilized in severely ill patients. Diagnosis was often challenging due to lack of sensitivity of current testing. Outcomes were generally poor, due to significant co-morbidities and delayed diagnosis, with mortality rates &gt;50% in some studies. High index of clinical suspicion is needed to facilitate early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9060667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T02:01:40Z","timestamp":1686708100000},"page":"667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Invasive Fungal Infections Associated with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3740-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyaw M.","family":"Hlaing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea M.","family":"Monday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4867-0014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio","family":"Nucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone A.","family":"Nou\u00e9r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay G.","family":"Revankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2022, July 31). 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