{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T01:44:01Z","timestamp":1784598241888,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cUnveiling the List\u201d Project of China National Tobacco Corporation","award":["110202201025 (LS-09)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110202201025 (LS-09)"]}]},{"name":"\u201cUnveiling the List\u201d Project of China National Tobacco Corporation","award":["2018YFC1802603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1802603"]}]},{"name":"National key research and development plan projects","award":["110202201025 (LS-09)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110202201025 (LS-09)"]}]},{"name":"National key research and development plan projects","award":["2018YFC1802603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1802603"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play key roles in enhancing plant tolerance to heavy metals, and iron (Fe) compounds can reduce the bioavailability of arsenic (As) in soil, thereby alleviating As toxicity. However, there have been limited studies of the synergistic antioxidant mechanisms of AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) and Fe compounds in the alleviation of As toxicity on leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) with low and moderate As contamination. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted with different concentrations of As (0, 25, 50 mg\ua78fkg\u22121) and Fe (0, 50 mg\ua78fkg\u22121) and AMF treatments. Results showed that under low and moderate As concentrations (As25 and As50), the co-inoculation of AMF and Fe compound significantly increased the biomass of maize stems and roots, phosphorus (P) concentration, and P-to-As uptake ratio. Moreover, the co-inoculation of AMF and Fe compound addition significantly reduced the As concentration in stem and root, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaf, and soluble protein and non-protein thiol (NPT) contents in leaf of maize under As25 and As50 treatments. In addition, co-inoculation with AMF and Fe compound addition significantly increased the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves of maize under As25 treatment. Correlation analysis showed that stem biomass and leaf MDA content were very significantly negatively correlated with stem As content, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicated that the co-inoculation of AMF and Fe compound addition can inhibit As uptake and promote P uptake by maize under low and moderate As contamination, thereby mitigating the lipid peroxidation on maize leaves and reducing As toxicity by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes under low As contamination. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of AMF and Fe compounds in the restoration of cropland soil contaminated with low and moderate As.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9060677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T02:54:33Z","timestamp":1686884073000},"page":"677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Synergistic Reduction of Arsenic Uptake and Alleviation of Leaf Arsenic Toxicity in Maize (Zea mays L.) by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Exogenous Iron through Antioxidant Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hong-Yin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Zhao","family":"Nian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao-Dong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Guan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian-Rong","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marxism, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai-Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Sheng","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2020.11.033","article-title":"Arsenic Contamination, Effects and Remediation Techniques: A Special Look onto Membrane Separation Processes","volume":"148","author":"Moreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120113","article-title":"Socioeconomic vulnerability and public water arsenic concentrations across the US","volume":"313","author":"Nigra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-019-02777-w","article-title":"Surfactants Enhanced Soil Arsenic Phytoextraction Efficiency by Pteris vittata L.","volume":"104","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118241","article-title":"The removal of arsenic from solution through biochar-enhanced precipitation of calcium-arsenic derivatives","volume":"292","author":"Zama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.130638","article-title":"Polyethylene and Poly (Butyleneadipate-Co-Terephthalate)-Based Biodegradable Microplastics Modulate the Bioavailability and Speciation of Cd and As in Soil: Insights into Transformation Mechanisms","volume":"445","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2021.106476","article-title":"Potential of indigenous plant species for phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated water and soil","volume":"175","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.9734\/ijecc\/2022\/v12i1130950","article-title":"Laboratory Germination Experiment for Assessing the Phytotoxic Effect of Arsenic on the Growth Attribute of Different Crops","volume":"12","author":"Devi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5958\/2455-7218.2021.00004.8","article-title":"Probing the Phytotoxic Effects of Arsenic on Growth and Photosynthesis of Solanum lycopersicum L.","volume":"101","author":"Rai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Indian Bot. Soc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, D., Liu, G., Li, X., Li, R., Wang, J., and Zhao, Y. (2022). Heavy metal(loid)s pollution of agricultural soils and health risk assessment of consuming soybean and wheat in a typical non-ferrous metal mine area in northeast china. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14052953"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2015.1028410","article-title":"Effects of arsenic on reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense system in tomato plants","volume":"96","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Environ. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2021.12.057","article-title":"Integrated assessment of phytotoxicity, stress responses, and bioaccumulative mechanisms of the arsenic-contaminated agricultural runoff using a soilless cultivation system","volume":"159","author":"Chow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116281","article-title":"Mapping Soil Pollution by Using Drone Image Recognition and Machine Learning at an Arsenic-Contaminated Agricultural Field","volume":"270","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.105203","article-title":"Status and Management of Arsenic Pollution in Groundwater: A Comprehensive Appraisal of Recent Global Scenario, Human Health Impacts, Sustainable Field-Scale Treatment Technologies","volume":"9","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161557","article-title":"Effects of Polyethylene and Biodegradable Microplastics on Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Defense Systems, and Arsenic Accumulation in Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings Grown in Arsenic-Contaminated Soils","volume":"868","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"862","article-title":"Advancement of Research on Application of Microbial Mineralization Technology in Remediation of Arsenic Contaminated Environment","volume":"58","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pedol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2015.08.006","article-title":"Chromium Immobilization by Extraradical Mycelium of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Contributes to Plant Chromium Tolerance","volume":"122","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2022.101805","article-title":"Destabilization and exchange removal of arsenic in contaminated soils by washing: A new remediation strategy with high efficiency and low mineral loss","volume":"29","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surf. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"516","article-title":"Effects of Different Iron Sources and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on the Growth and Phosphorus and Arsenic Uptake by Maize Plants (Zea mays L.) in As Contaminated Soil","volume":"28","author":"Xian","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.126.1.299","article-title":"Phytochelatins Are Involved in Differential Arsenate Tolerance in Holcus lanatus","volume":"126","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(02)00245-5","article-title":"Arsenate Toxicity: Effects on Oxidative Stress Response Molecules and Enzymes in Red Clover Plants","volume":"163","author":"Mascher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2022.104863","article-title":"Induced accumulation of chloroplastic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) differentially regulates the enzymatic antioxidant system of C3\u00a0Flaveria robusta and C4\u00a0F. bidentis","volume":"198","author":"Ozgur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(07)60203-4","article-title":"Arsenic Uptake by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Maize (Zea mays L.) Grown in an Arsenic-Contaminated Soil with Added Phosphorus","volume":"19","author":"Xia","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(03)00096-2","article-title":"Field Trials to Assess the Uptake of Arsenic by Vegetables from Contaminated Soils and Soil Remediation with Iron Oxides","volume":"311","author":"Warren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Z.H., Zhao, X., Liang, X., Li, Z., Wang, L., He, Y., and Zhan, F. (2022). Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Reduce Cadmium Leaching from Sand Columns by Reducing Availability and Enhancing Uptake by Maize Roots. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080866"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, J., Jia, Q., Li, Y., Zhang, T., Chen, J., Ren, Y., Dong, K., Xu, S., Shi, N.-N., and Fu, S. (2022). Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Biochar on Growth, Nutrient Absorption, and Physiological Properties of Maize (Zea mays L.). J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8121275"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, J., Yan, Q., Yang, G., and Wang, Y. (2022). Impact of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Funneliformis mosseae on the Physiological and Defence Responses of Canna indica to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Stress. J. Fungi, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8050513"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuang, Y., Li, X., Wang, Z., Wang, X., Wei, H., Chen, H., Hu, W., and Tang, M. (2023). Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth and Root Cell Ultrastructure of Eucalyptus Grandis under Cadmium Stress. J. Fungi, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9020140"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.06.042","article-title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Influences Arsenic Accumulation and Speciation in Medicago truncatula L. in Arsenic-Contaminated Soil","volume":"119","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2005.05.041","article-title":"Yield and Arsenate Uptake of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Tomato Colonized by Glomus mosseae BEG167 in As Spiked Soil under Glasshouse Conditions","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2012.08.002","article-title":"Phosphate transporters expression in rice (Oryza sativa L.) associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) colonization under different levels of arsenate stress","volume":"87","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.05.042","article-title":"Synergistic Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphate Rock on Heavy Metal Uptake and Accumulation by an Arsenic Hyperaccumulator","volume":"181","author":"Leung","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.03.027","article-title":"Proteomic Analysis as a Tool for Investigating Arsenic Stress in Pteris vittata Roots Colonized or Not by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis","volume":"74","author":"Bona","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/00380768.2013.784950","article-title":"Arsenic Sequestration in Iron Plaque and Its Effect on As Uptake by Rice Plants Grown in Paddy Soils with High Contents of As, Iron Oxides, and Organic Matter","volume":"59","author":"Syu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s10452-009-9241-z","article-title":"Iron Plaque Formation on Wetland Plants and Its Influence on Phosphorus, Calcium and Metal Uptake","volume":"43","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquat. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.05.071","article-title":"Iron Plaque Formed under Aerobic Conditions Efficiently Immobilizes Arsenic in Lupinus albus L. Roots","volume":"216","author":"Fresno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(15)61320-X","article-title":"Application of Iron and Silicon Fertilizers Reduces Arsenic Accumulation by Two Ipomoea Aquatica Varities","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(20)60091-1","article-title":"Advances in fungal-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metals:a review","volume":"31","author":"Khalid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-021-03329-x","article-title":"Mycorrhiza and Iron Tailings Synergistically Enhance Maize Resistance to Arsenic on Medium Arsenic-Polluted Soils Through Increasing Phosphorus and Iron Uptake","volume":"107","author":"Long","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"399","article-title":"Study on Active Iron as a Diagnostic Index of Plant Iron Nutritional Status","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Plant Nutr. Fertil."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1536(70)80110-3","article-title":"Improved Procedures for Clearing Roots and Staining Parasitic and Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Rapid Assessment of Infection","volume":"55","author":"Phillips","year":"1970","journal-title":"Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1980.tb04556.x","article-title":"An Evaluation of Techniques for Measuring Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Infection in Roots","volume":"84","author":"Giovannetti","year":"1980","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1992.tb01077.x","article-title":"External Hyphae of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Trifolium subterraneum L.","volume":"120","author":"Jakobsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(90)90131-2","article-title":"Malondialdehyde and Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactivity as Diagnostic Indices of Lipid Peroxidation and Peroxidative Tissue Injury","volume":"9","author":"Janero","year":"1990","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6049","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)63504-5","article-title":"Superoxide Dismutase. An Enzymic Function for Erythrocuprein (Hemocuprein)","volume":"244","author":"Mccord","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems","volume":"186","author":"Flohe","year":"1984","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2004.01.006","article-title":"Cadmium Toxicity to Barley (Hordeum Vulgare) as Affected by Varying Fe Nutritional Status","volume":"166","author":"Sharma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(97)00279-7","article-title":"Arsenite Stimulates Poly(ADP-Ribosylation) by Generation of Nitric Oxide","volume":"24","author":"Lynn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.1999.03157.x","article-title":"Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Its Reversibility Following Combined Administration of Nacetylcysteine and Meso 2, 3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid in Rats","volume":"26","author":"Flora","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Water management rice Varieties and mycomlizalinoculation innuence arsenic concentration and speciation in rice grains","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycomliza"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seregin, I.V., and Kozhevnikova, A.D. (2023). Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032430"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-015-2428-8","article-title":"Overexpression of AtPCS1 in Tobacco Increases Arsenic and Arsenic plus Cadmium Accumulation and Detoxification","volume":"243","author":"Zanella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-021-01221-0","article-title":"Phytochelatin-Mediated Metal Detoxification Pathway Is Crucial for an Organomercurial Phenylmercury Tolerance in Arabidopsis","volume":"109","author":"Uraguchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"2697","article-title":"Effect of Cadmium Stress on Non-Protein Thiols in the Seedlings of High- and Low-Cadmium-Accumulating Rice Cultivars","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-019-01457-0","article-title":"Assessment of changes in growth traits, oxidative stress parameters, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms inlepidium drabaplant under osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol","volume":"257","author":"Goharrizi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Protoplasma."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-014-2367-3","article-title":"Root Cell Wall Polysaccharides Are Involved in Cadmium Hyperaccumulation in Sedum Alfredii","volume":"389","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6570","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3837-0","article-title":"Influence of Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation and phosphorus application on growth and arsenic accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivated on an arsenic-contaminated soil","volume":"22","author":"Cattani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"872875","article-title":"Molecular Mechanism of Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Central Role of Glutathione in Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species and Methylglyoxal and in Heavy Metal Chelation","volume":"2012","author":"Hossain","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"1143","article-title":"Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Role of Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Ionomics","volume":"6","author":"Samiksha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24338","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2487-z","article-title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Antioxidant Defense in the Leaves and the Retention of Heavy Metals in the Roots of Maize","volume":"25","author":"Zhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00182","article-title":"Arsenic Toxicity: The Effects on Plant Metabolism","volume":"3","author":"Finnegan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/9\/6\/677\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:56:05Z","timestamp":1760126165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/9\/6\/677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jof9060677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof9060677","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]}}}