{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:43:13Z","timestamp":1785224593231,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondation Innovations en Infectiologie (FINOVI)","award":["Grant Application No. 12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Application No. 12"]}]},{"name":"Fondation Innovations en Infectiologie (FINOVI)","award":["Grant Application 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Application 2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007772","name":"Agir Pour les Maladies Chroniques","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant Application No. 12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Application No. 12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007772","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007772","name":"Agir Pour les Maladies Chroniques","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant Application 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Application 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007772","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Mycologie M\u00e9dicale (SFMM)","award":["Grant Application No. 12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Application No. 12"]}]},{"name":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Mycologie M\u00e9dicale (SFMM)","award":["Grant Application 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Application 2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The airway exposure to Aspergillus fumigatus spores (AFsp) is associated with an inflammatory response, potentially leading to allergic and\/or chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. The aim of our study is to better understand the host response, first in vitro, then in vivo, following the chronic exposure of mice to AFsp. We investigated the inflammatory response to AFsp in cell mono- and co-culture systems with murine macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. The mice were subjected to two intranasal instillations using 105 AFsp. Their lungs were processed for inflammatory and histopathological analyses. In cell culture, the gene expressions significantly increased for TNF-\u03b1, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, IL-1\u03b2, IL-1\u03b1 and GM-CSF in macrophages, with these increases being limited for TNF-\u03b1, CXCL-1 and IL-1\u03b1 in epithelial cells. In co-culture, increases in the TNF-\u03b1, CXCL-2 and CXCL-1 gene expressions were observed to be associated with increased protein levels. The in vivo lung histological analyses of mice challenged by AFsp showed cellular infiltrates in the peribronchial and\/or alveolar spaces. A Bio-Plex approach on the bronchoalveolar lavage revealed significant increases in the protein secretion of selected mediators of the challenged mice compared to the unchallenged mice. In conclusion, the exposure to AFsp resulted in a marked inflammatory response of macrophages and epithelial cells. These inflammatory findings were confirmed in mouse models associated with lung histologic changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9060682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T02:29:19Z","timestamp":1687141759000},"page":"682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Characterization of Lung Inflammatory Response to Aspergillus fumigatus Spores"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Bouyssi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UR3738 Centre pour l\u2019lnnovation en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Team Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, Claude Bernard University\u2014Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre B\u00e9nite, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanguy","family":"D\u00e9m\u00e9autis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UR3738 Centre pour l\u2019lnnovation en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Team Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, Claude Bernard University\u2014Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre B\u00e9nite, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1674-1888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Trecourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UR3738 Centre pour l\u2019lnnovation en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Team Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, Claude Bernard University\u2014Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre B\u00e9nite, France"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, South Lyon Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre B\u00e9nite, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Delles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UR3738 Centre pour l\u2019lnnovation en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Team Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, Claude Bernard University\u2014Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre B\u00e9nite, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5569-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fany","family":"Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UR3738 Centre pour l\u2019lnnovation en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Team Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, Claude Bernard University\u2014Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre B\u00e9nite, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9961-5739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Monneret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, EA7426, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Claude Bernard University\u2014Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Glehen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UR3738 Centre pour l\u2019lnnovation en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Surgical Department, South Lyon Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard University\u2014Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre B\u00e9nite, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8285-8550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine","family":"Wallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Institute of Infectious Agents, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Persat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UR3738 Centre pour l\u2019lnnovation en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Team Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, Claude Bernard University\u2014Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre B\u00e9nite, France"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Institute of Infectious Agents, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Devouassoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UR3738 Centre pour l\u2019lnnovation en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Team Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, Claude Bernard University\u2014Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre B\u00e9nite, France"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abderrazzak","family":"Bentaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UR3738 Centre pour l\u2019lnnovation en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Team Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, Claude Bernard University\u2014Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre B\u00e9nite, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5703-8403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Menotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UR3738 Centre pour l\u2019lnnovation en Canc\u00e9rologie de Lyon, Team Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, Claude Bernard University\u2014Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre B\u00e9nite, France"},{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Institute of Infectious Agents, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00054810","article-title":"Underlying conditions in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis including simple aspergilloma","volume":"37","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. 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