{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T09:00:22Z","timestamp":1770714022804,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is associated with the mortality of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Several risk factors for IFD have been identified in patients with or without ECMO. Here, we assessed the relevance of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) for the occurrence of IFD in patients on veno-venous (V-V) ECMO for respiratory failure. In a retrospective analysis of all ECMO cases between January 2013 and December 2022 (2020\u20132022 for COVID-19 patients), active COVID-19 and the type, timing and duration of IFD were investigated. Demographics, hospital, ICU length of stay (LoS), duration of ECMO, days on invasive mechanical ventilation, prognostic scores (Respiratory ECMO Survival Prediction (RESP) score, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS)-10, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS)-II) and length of survival were assessed. The association of COVID-19 with IFD was investigated using propensity score matching and uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses. We identified 814 patients supported with ECMO, and 452 patients were included in further analyses. The incidence of IFD was 4.8% and 11.0% in patients without and with COVID-19, respectively. COVID-19 status represented an independent risk factor for IFD (OR 4.30; CI 1.72\u201310.85; p: 0.002; multivariable regression analysis). In patients with COVID-19, 84.6% of IFD was candidemia and 15.4% represented invasive aspergillosis (IA). All of these patients died. In patients on V-V ECMO, we report that COVID-19 is an independent risk factor for IFD, which is associated with a detrimental prognosis. Further studies are needed to investigate strategies of antifungal therapy or prophylaxis in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9070751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T01:06:36Z","timestamp":1689555996000},"page":"751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["COVID-19 Is an Independent Risk Factor for Detrimental Invasive Fungal Disease in Patients on Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2534-5382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens Martin","family":"Poth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6408-0607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens-Christian","family":"Schewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2847-9271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5818-5392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Weller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias Willem","family":"Schmandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kreyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Muenster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Putensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5747-6737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan Felix","family":"Ehrentraut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2023-z","article-title":"Fungal Infections in Adult Patients on Extracorporeal Life Support","volume":"22","author":"Cavayas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. 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