{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T18:14:48Z","timestamp":1792692888239,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anticytokine autoantibodies (ACAAs) can cause adult onset immunodeficiencies which mimic primary immunodeficiencies and can present as refractory and severe fungal infections. This paper provides an overview of the role of innate immunity, including key cytokines, in fungal infections and then describes four clinical scenarios where ACAAs are associated with severe presentations of a fungal infection: (1) Talaromyces marneffei infection and anti-interferon-\u03b3, (2) histoplasmosis and anti-interferon-\u03b3, (3) Cryptococcus gattii infection and anti-GM-CSF, and (4) mucocutaneous candidiasis and anti-IL-17A\/F (IL-22). Testing for ACAAs and potential therapeutic options are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9080782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T01:32:10Z","timestamp":1690248730000},"page":"782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Anticytokine Autoantibodies and Fungal Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shanthi","family":"Kappagoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3176-6335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanley","family":"Deresinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110550","article-title":"Immune defence to invasive fungal infections: A comprehensive review","volume":"130","author":"Pathakumari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. 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