{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:27:55Z","timestamp":1760149675747,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas (CONAHCYT)","award":["998228","592589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["998228","592589"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global environmental issue of arsenic (As) contamination in drinking water is a significant problem that requires attention. Therefore, the aim of this research was to address the application of a sustainable methodology for arsenic removal through mycoremediation aerated with micro-nanobubbles (MNBs), leading to bioscorodite (FeAsO4\u00b72H2O) generation. To achieve this, the fungus Trichoderma atroviride was cultivated in a medium amended with 1 g\/L of As(III) and 8.5 g\/L of Fe(II) salts at 28 \u00b0C for 5 days in a tubular reactor equipped with an air MNBs diffuser (TR-MNBs). A control was performed using shaking flasks (SF) at 120 rpm. A reaction was conducted at 92 \u00b0C for 32 h for bioscorodite synthesis, followed by further characterization of crystals through Fourier\u2013Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. At the end of the fungal growth in the TR-MNBs, the pH decreased to 2.7\u20133.0, and the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) reached a value of 306 mV at 5 days. Arsenic decreased by 70%, attributed to possible adsorption through rapid complexation of oxidized As(V) with the exchangeable ferrihydrite ((Fe(III))4-5(OH,O)12), sites, and the fungal biomass. This mineral might be produced under oxidizing and acidic conditions, with a high iron concentration (As:Fe molar ratio = 0.14). The crystals produced in the reaction using the TR-MNBs culture broth and characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR revealed the morphology, pattern, and As-O-Fe vibration bands typical of bioscorodite and r\u00f6merite (Fe(II)(Fe(III))2(SO4)4\u00b714H2O). Arsenic reduction in SF was 30%, with slight characteristics of bioscorodite. Consequently, further research should include integrating the TR-MNBs system into a pilot plant for arsenic removal from contaminated water.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9080857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T10:47:02Z","timestamp":1692269222000},"page":"857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Micro-Nanobubbles on Arsenic Removal by Trichoderma atroviride for Bioscorodite Generation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Asunci\u00f3n Guadalupe","family":"Morales-Mendoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional Avenue, No. 2508, Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0823-4656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Karen Ivanna","family":"Flores-Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional Avenue, No. 2508, Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0253-7903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Adriana","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional Avenue, No. 2508, Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"},{"name":"Subdirection of Health Riks, National Center of Disasters Prevention CENAPRED, Delfin Madrigal Avenue, No. 665, Pedregal de Santo Domingo, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6968-5560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvador","family":"Gallardo-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Physics, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional Avenue, No. 2508, Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Refugio","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional Avenue, No. 2508, Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126299","article-title":"A review on sources, identification and treatment strategies for the removal of toxic Arsenic from water system","volume":"418","author":"Rathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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