{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:14:11Z","timestamp":1791245651437,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Histoplasmosis is one of the most under-diagnosed and under-reported endemic mycoses in the United States. Histoplasma capsulatum is the causative agent of this disease. To date, molecular epidemiologic studies detailing the phylogeographic structure of H. capsulatum in the United States have been limited. We conducted genomic sequencing using isolates from histoplasmosis cases reported in the United States. We identified North American Clade 2 (NAm2) as the most prevalent clade in the country. Despite high intra-clade diversity, isolates from Minnesota and Michigan cases were predominately clustered by state. Future work incorporating environmental sampling and veterinary surveillance may further elucidate the molecular epidemiology of H. capsulatum in the United States and how genomic sequencing can be applied to the surveillance and outbreak investigation of histoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9090884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T10:50:36Z","timestamp":1693306236000},"page":"884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Phylogeographic Description of Histoplasma capsulatum in the United States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ujwal R.","family":"Bagal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"},{"name":"ASRT Inc., Atlanta, GA 30080, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalitha","family":"Gade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0458-2493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Benedict","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kentucky Department for Public Health, Frankfort, KY 40601, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Christophe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge, LA 70802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Gibbons-Burgener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, WI 53703, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Hallyburton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana State Department of Health, Indianapolis, IN 46204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malia","family":"Ireland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN 55101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"McCracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI 48933, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison Keyser","family":"Metobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Signs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI 48933, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania Department of Health, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia P.","family":"Litvintseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2005.07.003","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in Dogs and Cats","volume":"20","author":"Sykes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. 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